Political Instability in Egypt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Political Instability in Egypt - Essay Example Mubarak has been mistreating the ascent of resistance for a long time so as to keep the brought together force. This obviously identifies with Mill’s On Liberty, as the despot is attempting to keep up congruity and the norm. He unmistakably utilizes this to for clarifying the need of a political sovereign state (Mill). Moreover, he demands a sovereign chief with outright force that would carry security and tranquility to individuals. What's more, he himself demands this reality, since he saw a common war that tore his nation. The insidious that sneaks in boundless force is the point of convergence of Mill’s contention. Without a doubt, Mill’s contention for absolutism is because of the way that the condition of nature is undoubtedly war (Mill). Mill’s principle plan is to show that, soundly, men will look for harmony against the condition of nature of contention conduct. Mill’s intense endeavor to persuade the way that men are animals of harmony in a condition of nature is, regardless, a troublesome thing to demonstrate since humankind is battling in consistent fighting (Mill). In this manner, Mill’s clarification of contention is unpredictable and difficult to appreciate since, even in impeccable conditions, certain man will meet people's high expectations to challenge authority (Mill). It’s human instinct to look for pride, brilliance and acclaim; without question, mankind will keep on being charmed in these demonstrations since it can never be fulfilled. Plainly, the author’s task is to show that the idea of men is intricate. Mill’s hypothesis explains that men are instrumentally intended to look for objectivity in all occurrences for their best personal responsibility (Mill). Along these lines, this is the purpose behind the general propensity of humanity to want power after force til' the very end strikes them. The opposition doesn't ascend from the general shortage of assets however Mill doesn 't infer that. He infers that when circulated similarly, regardless of whether lacking for satisfaction of network needs, assets will never be adequate for the fulfillment of certain people’s journey to get more force (Mill). Individuals in their condition of nature will in general have doubt and go after characteristic rivalry of intensity. Along these lines, the individuals of Egypt have revolted in light of absence of free decisions, high joblessness, defilement that torment the nation, and limitation of free discourse. Egypt was not exactly a month from holding parliamentary races after Hosni Mubarak was removed from power not long ago. The normal rivalry for men to choose a pioneer that can ensure their advantage is pivotal for Egypt (Brennan). Plant expresses that if the pioneer under force can't furnish his kin with food, a disobedience can take steps to change the norm (Brennan). Obviously, Mubarak neglected to give his kin the free equitable races he guaranteed befor e. For a long time, the mass lion's share of the crowded was astonished to see Mubarak’s party known as the National Democratic Party win by tremendous edges (Jensen, 2010). Many started to scrutinize the genuine reason for these outcomes and allegations of vote gear, misrepresentation and pay off have been the point of convergence against Mubarak’s crusade. Subsequently, as indicated by Mill, an upheaval is nearly ensured when people have practically zero effect in the governmental issues that oversee themselves (Mill). Another key component Mill examines in his work is splendidly represented in this specific situation. The reality people are probably going to revolt if joblessness plagues the locale. This scene can be splendidly portrayed

University education should be free Research Paper

College instruction ought to be free - Research Paper Example ss measure of cash per open understudy and state subsidizing of the understudies and colleges has been brought or even chopped down to half as in California. â€Å"Education has for some time been viewed as a chief wellspring of monetary versatility. In any case, throughout recent years state funded training, and particularly open advanced education has been under attack† (Reiff). A few instructive changes and money related arranging could be completed to make college training free for the understudies, since it would encourage the understudies as well as help in bringing down the general expense of instructive spending plan. The expenses for educational cost, boarding have been blowing up for as far back as 20 years, inspite of that the state funded colleges need to cause cuts in the different administrations and instructive projects so as to make up for the lacks in the financial plan. Free college degree for each individual would be a potential answer for the present expansion and financial lack. â€Å"Not implies tried, not modest, not died down, yet free. For everybody† (Reiff). This could be made conceivable by actualizing the duty installment, theoretically 6 percent to the college which would give the college degree. The individuals who earned more would pay more and who earned less would need to save money, however toward the end each individual would have the benefit of having a college degree. Understudies won't need to work extended periods so as to back their college degree, which influences their presentation as well as puts them under enormous obligations they can't pay (Reiff). Powerlessness of United States to give free advanced education ends up being a ruin when contrasted with other created nations which give free college degree. College training isn't just a significant determinant of the monetary advancement yet additionally decides the business rate in the state. â€Å"Currently, just 30% of Americans who start school or college wind up graduating, and this speaks to a colossal exercise in futility and money† (B. Samuels). In the event that as

The seed of honesty

The seed of honesty A successful business man was growing old and knew it was time to choose a successor to take over the business.Instead of choosing one of his Directors or his children, he decided to do something different. He called all the young executives in his company together.He said, It is time for me to step down and choose the next CEO. I have decided to choose one of you. The young executives were shocked, but the boss continued. I am going to give each one of you a SEED today one very special SEED.  I want you to plant the seed, water it, and come back here one year from today with what you have grown from the seed I have given you.  I will then judge the plants that you bring, and the one I choose will be the next CEO.One man, named Jim, was there that day and he, like the others, received a seed. He went home and excitedly, told his wife the story. She helped him get a pot, soil and compost and he planted the seed.Everyday, he would water it and watch to see if it had grown. After abou t three weeks, some of the other executives began to talk about their seeds and the plants that were beginning to grow.Jim kept checking his seed, but nothing ever grew.  Three weeks, four weeks, five weeks went by, still nothing.  By now, others were talking about their plants, but Jim didnt have a plant and he felt like a failure.Six months went by still nothing in Jims pot. He just knew he had killed his seed. Everyone else had trees and tall plants, but he had nothing. Jim didnt say anything to his colleagues, however He just kept watering and fertilizing the soil He so wanted the seed to grow.A year finally went by and all the young executives of the company brought their plants to the CEO for inspection.Jim told his wife that he wasnt going to take an empty pot.  But she asked him to be honest about what happened. Jim felt sick to his stomach, it was going to be the most embarrassing moment of his life, but he knew his wife was right.He took his empty pot to the board room. When Jim arrived, he was amazed at the variety of plants grown by the other executives. They were beautiful in all shapes and sizes.Jim put his empty pot on the floor and  many of his colleagues laughed, a few felt sorry for him!When the CEO arrived, he surveyed the room and greeted his young executives.Jim just tried to hide in the back. My, what great plants, trees, and flowers you have grown, said the CEO. Today one of you will be appointed the next CEO!All of a sudden, the CEO spotted Jim at the back of the room with his empty pot. He ordered the Financial Director to bring him to the front.Jim was terrified. He thought, The CEO knows Im a failure! Maybe he will have me fired!When Jim got to the front, the CEO asked him what had happened to his seed Jim told him the story.The CEO asked everyone to sit down except Jim. He looked at Jim, and then announced to the young executives, Behold your next Chief Executive Officer! His name is Jim!Jim couldnt believe it. Jim couldnt even grow his seed.How could he be the new CEO? the others said.Then the CEO said, One year ago today, I gave everyone in this room a seed.  I told you to take the seed, plant it, water it, and bring it back to me today. But I gave you all boiled seeds; they were dead it was not possible for them to grow.  All of you, except Jim, have brought me trees and plants and flowers. When you found that the seed would not grow, you substituted another seed for the one I gave you.  Jim was the only one with the courage and honesty to bring me a pot with my seed in it. Therefore, he is the one who will be the new Chief Executive Officer!* If you plant honesty, you will reap trust. * If you plant goodness, you will reap friends. * If you plant humility, you will reap greatness. * If you plant perseverance, you will reap contentment. * If you plant consideration, you will reap perspective. * If you plant hard work, you will reap success. * If you plant forgiveness, you will reap reconciliation . * If you plant faith in God , you will reap a harvest.So, be careful what you plant now;  it will determine what you will reap later..Whatever You Give To Life, Life Gives You BackAuthor Unknown Story was submitted by visitor Madhukar

College Is The Middle School - 883 Words

Collà ¨ge: Collà ¨ge is also known as middle school. The ages of students range from 11 to 15 years old. There are four classes (grades 6-9) and are referred to as sixià ¨me, cinquià ¨me, quatrià ¨me and troisià ¨me. The college is supposed to provide students with a necessary core of secondary education. Students are prepped to either continue their education at a traditional lycà ©e or push more towards technical classes. The curriculum for college consists of math, history, geography, technical education, art, music, and physical education. Also included in the curriculum is some science, at least one foreign language, and civic education. ,. Lycà ©e: lycà ©e is also known as High School. The traditional lycà ©e covers the last three years of secondary education. The lycà ©e gà ©nà ©ral or lycà ©e classique, and the lycà ©e technique, are two main types of traditional lycà ©e,. In small towns there is usually no a lycà ©e technique whereas in cities or big towns there is a mixture of both. The lycà ©e main purpose is to prepare students for the baccalaurà ©at(or bac) exam. The bac is needed in order get into universities or prep schools. The term baccalaurà ©at refers to the diploma and the examinations. the baccalaureate is an exam, that students either pass or fail. It is impossible to pass in one subject and fail in others. The weighted average must be at least 10/20 for students to pass. Students who get under that average are passed by the exam board and those who get between 8 and 10 can retake theShow MoreRelatedTransitioning From Middle School At High School Now College888 Words   |  4 PagesTransitioning from middle school to high school now college. Hardships and victories I have experienced it all. I have gone from the shy student to one of the most involved and active student in my school. I remember the beginning of sixth grade, just like it was yesterday. Walking through the doors I had my backpack and lunchbox in hand excited to pass all classes with no problem.Unfortanately that thought was just a thought. Over the course of the year I failed tremendously by receiving my veryRead MoreCollege Is Not For College1486 Words   |  6 PagesMany students do not go to college because of the steep cost to attend. There a lot of students and families that support this claim, with some experts adding that other socio-economic factors also contribute to this issue. Additionally, there are many that think that not everyone needs to go to college. Either way, some students still struggle to pay for their college education. Early exposure to college provides a practical solution to this problem. 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It is often assumed that a person’s college status, as well as their entire life, can be determined by examining his or her intellect, high school performance, and talents. However, C. Wright Mills proposes a new approach to this idea in his work, â€Å"The Promise.† Mills presentsRead MoreThe Importance Of A College Education1511 Words   |  7 PagesAlbio Sires, a New Jersey congressman, said that â€Å"Middle-class families are struggling to send their sons and daughters to school. F or many Americans, a college education is essential to future success.† His statement taps into one of the biggest issues in America. While education is a strong value in this country, after high school, the percentage of people getting an education dramatically drops. Although many people choose to not go to college, there are also many people who do not go simply becauseRead MoreThe Importance Of A College Education1530 Words   |  7 PagesAlbio Sires, a New Jersey congressman, said that, â€Å"Middle class families are struggling to send their sons and daughters to school. For many Americans, a college education is essential to future success.† His statement taps into one of the biggest issues in America. While education is considered to be a strong value here, after high school, the percentage of people getting an education dramatically drops. Although many people choose to not go to college, there are also many people who do not go simplyRead MoreWorking for an Education740 Words   |  3 PagesThe United States is a country where just about every one has chance to attend college. Unfirtantly not every one of those individuals has the oppurtinity to finish college. In Dave Leonhardts article â€Å"The College Dropout Boom†- he claims that there is a wideing gap between the children of the rich and the children of the poor when it comes to education. Dave Leonhardt discusses the factors that goes into the notion that there is a wideing gap between children from poor parents and children of wealthyRead MoreTransitions Of Career Development And Transition Programs836 Words   |  4 PagesTransitions occur throughout life and there are numerous transitions students face within the school setting. Since school counselors support students in academic, career and college, and social and personal development, school counselors are in key positions to provide students with opportunities, equity, and access to programs that support smooth transitions and college and career readiness (Erford, 2015). Career development and transition programs are important because they support they can provideRead MoreCultural Capital Needed For Gain Upward Social Mob ility931 Words   |  4 Pagescome from a family that has had no formal education beyond high school and so I was without the knowledge of how to gain access into the realm of higher education. My family had never gone through the application process and so they did not know how to access and utilize the college help that my school provided. Also, my high school only had fourteen counselors available to provide assistance to the 4,263 students that attended the school (Illinois Report Card 2010). This counselor-to-student ration

Understand How Jp Morgan Ended Up Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2997 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? The infamous Jamie Dimon joined the darling financial institution in 2005 as CEO and also joined the New York Federal Reserve bank board in 2008. 4 Notorious for his squeaky clean reputation relative to many of his contemporaries, his myriad successes in the big banking world landed him four times on Time magazines 100 Most Influential People list. While the whale tale that plays out in the remainder of the paper threatened to tarnish his sterling leadership (and that of the firms), his navigation surrounding the event is one of the reasons JP Morgan surfaced, ultimately, intact. The Set Up Usually, a story of this nature would trigger thoughts of the rogue trader phenomena at UBS or Societe General. However, this story has a twist. What is lurking beneath the infamous London Whale trader, Bruno Iksil, is a whole department enabling the beast. That department was the firms Chief Investment Office (CIO). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Understand How Jp Morgan Ended Up Finance Essay" essay for you Create order The major responsibility of CIO was to manage the firms excess cash reserves through investments that would meet their future liquidity needs and hedge their $350 billion balance sheet. This was primarily done by investing in a diverse portfolio of high credit quality, fixed income securities that had maintained an average rating of AA+. At its helm was Ina Drew, appointed by Dimon in 2005. The following year her team was able to lift the $20 million trading loss limit for their department. In 2007, they started the Synthetic Credit Portfolio to hedge the inherent credit risk in the firms main business lines. (This portfolio is a key character in the story and will be discussed further in the following section.) By 2010, CIO had brought in 25% of JP Morgans annual profits of $20 billion. At this point, with loss limit barriers removed, exotic new products in the mix, and record profits, one might think that more transparent and thorough department reporting would be required. However, according to JP Morgans task force, CIO actually lost its alertness and became less concentrated on the trading details. Focused more on top line risk measurement numbers that, ironically, masked their ever-growing risk exposure; one might say they lost the trees for the forest. In fact, some commentators thought CIO had deflected from its original purpose and become the worlds biggest proprietary trading counter. In other words, it had become a profit center not a risk management center. Because CIO was so actively increasing its exposure to high yield bonds and various over-the-counter derivative products, the risk of its trades became nearly equal to that of the entire investment banking department at JP Morgan. Since the fund-raising cost for CIO was lower than that for the investment banking arm, the regulations were less, and there was a history of successes, Dimon was moving more and more trading business to CIO. It was this sense from the rest of the trading community, of a growing whale, that partially fueled the pressure and cornering felt inside CIO. The Methodology The positions in the Synthetic Credit Portfolio consisted of standardized indices based on a number of credit default swaps (CDS) on debt issuers.[footnote: JP Morgan Report on Trading Loss] A credit default swap is a financial swap agreement in which the seller of the CDS will pay the buyer if a loan defaults. A CDS is a derivative contract, but acts very much like an insurance contract. The riskier a bond is, the higher the price of the insurance will be. There are different prices for different bonds to be insured from defaults. Also, issuers can choose to insure either the buyer or the seller of the bond. The trader language is intuitively a little backwards in the banking world for CDS. Being long a CDS is buying protection and is effectively a short risk position. Conversely, shorting a CDS is selling insurance and creating a long risk exposure. A firm like JP Morgan is in the business of being long on financial risk by way of their principal banking service functions. Hence, the objective of CIO was to have a net long CDS position to mitigate these risks. CIO added a layer of complexity in its Synthetic Credit Portfolio by choosing to trade the Credit Default Swap Index (CDX) which serves as a benchmark for protecting bondholders against default similar to equity value indices. This is what the CDS index of investment grade firms looked like on Apr.18th, 2012. Notice that it doesnt show the price changing over time like stock indexes do. Rather, it shows prices of the swap depending on the period of time the swap covers, more like the yield curve of a bond. Typically, an upward sloping CDX curve means that it is healthy. That is, the riskier a bond is, the higher the price of the insurance will be. Because, as the time period becomes longer, the more opportunity there is for unexpected events to happen, the riskier it is. So, swaps with longer time intervals cost more than those with shorter ones Iskil went on to implement a flattener strategy on the CDX curve, basically, betting the front end (left) of the CDX curve would go up relative to the back (right.) Although there are several ways to do this, CIO chose to do so by buying short term CDS and selling long term CDS. If the CDX curve really flattens, meaning that short-term swap prices rise faster than long-term swaps, investors will make a profit. If the market moves on a small scale, the short/long positions will cancel each other out, making the total position market neutral. With the move by the U.S. Federal Reserve, announced in the third quarter of 2011, to implement a massive Operation Twist agenda, its easy to see why CIO initially adopted their strategy. The aim of the Feds objective was to, indeed, flatten the U.S. Treasury yield curve and CIO seemed to be going with the flow. So, where did they go wrong? The key point is that, to maintain the flattener strategy, you have to keep your long and short positions balanced. As these products continually either shift in value or expire, a trader has to frequently enter into new trades. Also, in order to keep the balance between products that does not move step-in-step, an accurate ratio must be established. As shorter term products are less volatile than longer term products, a one-to-one ratio on rate curves is insufficient. Traders will need a greater amount of the near term product to offset the longer dated maturities. Disrupting this ration degrades the hedge into an outright long or short position on the index, leaving it enormous exposure to the market. 6 Worlds Collide At the Harbor Investment Conference that took place in February 2012, leading hedge fund managers came together and were subjected to the sales pitch for one particular off-the-run CDX, the Series9 IG 10-year Index (where IG is short for Investment Grade.) The products appeal was the existence of several of its bond components that had subsequently been downgraded since the indexs inception in 2007.13 Given the lack of a department Treasurer since October 2011, the introduction of competing top line objectives at the start of 2012 (discussed below,) and the initial losses beginning to occur in January, CIO must have thought they had found the Holy Grail. But, prudence was out the door. Iskil built up $12 billion of shorter term maturities matched up with $20 billion of longer term maturities in the Series 9. Anyone active in calendar spreads would recognize this as an outright directional trade. In addition, Iksils portion of the overall CDS market was so large that he was quickly running out of counterparties to his accumulating positions.12 As soon as JP Morgan couldnt hide its positions any more, due to their overwhelming presence in this niche market (and whatever leaked out at the Harbor conference), hedge fund traders started to collectively move against them. Ultimately, the other market participants were able to alter the price for what JP Morgan was looking for and caused their extraordinary losses. And, it would take CIO several months of mounting losses to accept this truth. 12 A Game of Poker At times, it seems that CIO was infected with many elements of the gamblers psychology including overconfidence and belief perseverance. Up until that point, it appears they had attributed their significant successes to themselves rather than other market factors. In tandem, they anchored their values of the portfolio and preserved their belief of this value by refusing to accept price movements as real and citing leaks of their positions as the source of divergence.16 While CIO was right that there were outside forces putting pressure on prices unrelated to typical market conditions, they were wrong in believing that it wasnt real or sustainable. If CIO had disclosed the position and loss every step of the way, the situation may have been reversible. What was At Risk? 12 On top of all this, they had a major problem with their Value-at-Risk (VaR) model, a statistical risk measure used to base how much a trader might lose in one day. A precise VaR model is important and the one that CIO used was different from the rest of banks. It developed the VaR model on its own and the weight setting was lower. CIO had been petitioning to implement a new model throughout this key period, late in 2011 and early 2012. The VaR number decreased dramatically to $67 million per day from $129 million. Iksils VaR alone was often $30 million to $40 million, sometimes reaching $60 million. Thats almost equal to level for the firms entire investment bank. A minor adjustment in the mathematical calculations (incorrectly omitting a division symbol to create an average rather than a sum), significantly altered the output of the model. 12 In the report released by JP Morgan, there were some risk protocol breakdowns in the models development, approval and implementation process. For instance, back testing was not rigidly required by the firms management as only two months worth was done to gain the models approval. So, it became operational with many technical problems embedded in the system including the increased potential for error by requiring manual data entry. Further, the developer and the operator were the same person which breaches the separation of duties best practice. This combination left CIO depending on a highly inaccurate model. Observations An influential company, like JP Morgan, who prided themselves on being a leader in managing financial risk, took a wrong turn and lost sight of core fundamentals. ÂÂ  In a report released by the Task Force of JP Morgan, there are a few areas where they feel that the CIO failed to do their job in terms of judgment and acting on their concerns. ÂÂ   One such area was how upper management established inconsistent priorities for the Synthetic Credit Portfolio that proved near impossible to follow simultaneously. The priorities included keeping the risk balanced while managing both VaR, gains/losses, and reducing the Risk Weighted Assets (RWA). When trying to achieve these all at once, varying priorities created conflict and fostered a platform to develop their unusual strategies in an effort to meet multiple objectives. ÂÂ  If CIO management had listed these priorities in order of true importance while also developing a way to act on them, there would have been a stronger framework to reconcile front line strategies against top line goals. In addition, a type of fire sale, exit strategy needed to be outlined in advance of the trading positions going awry. ÂÂ   It is no wonder that from this complicated profile of priorities there come even more complex trading strategies. When theyÂÂ  were conceived, the CIO managers, as well as their personnel, did not fully understand how to use these products in a way that managed the risk they were creating. These strategies should have undergone extensive analysis on their impact to the RWA, especially, given their notional amounts prior to trading. Ultimately, upper management was responsible for taking more time to develop comprehensive trading strategies that required the whole department had extensive product knowledge under numerous scenarios. The CIO didnt obtain or even ask for detailed reports on specifically the Synthetic Credit Portfolio. By not having reports generated in real time, the Chief Investment Officer had little knowledge on what the trading activity looked like on a day to day basis. ÂÂ  Instead, she just simply checked the portfolios profits and losses. Even more concerning is the lack of efficient communication between traders and senior members and officers of the department. Reports show that multiple warnings were given by traders to different senior members expressing concern regarding the riskiness and volatility of this portfolio. A catalyst for this breakdown was the significant changeup in managers within a short period of time beginning in late 2011 through early 2012. However, a company of JP Morgans size and history should be able to easily withstand routine shakeups of this nature. Consistent communication, seamless management transitions, and intimate knowledge of shifting valuations are not areas to be lacking in especially when it comes to the scale of assets JP Morgan possesses. Despite numerous attempts to voice concerns during the first few months of 2012, CIO management did not disclose any problems or losses for the portfolio to the board. The Aftermath Internal Impact While the firms share price took a huge plunge immediately following the height of the losses, a year later the stock has more than recovered. Its overall ranking as a world company has dropped, however, from 36 in 2011 to 51 in 2012.1 Many members of the Synthetic Credit Portfolio team, including Messrs. Goldman, Wilmot and Weiland departed the company along with Drew. Dimon took a 50% pay cut for 2012 and the firm was seeking claw backs from various other employees as well. Several additional steps have been implemented to better manage CIO since then. With new faces in CIOs leadership team, such as CIO Matthew Zames and CFO Marie Nourie, the department has upgraded its reporting and modeling. Reports now include detailed trading and positions data and VaR models have automated control features. A CIO Investment Committee meeting is now held weekly and Business Control Committee meetings are held monthly with a cross-reference team with the Risk Committee. New departments to supplement CIO, called Deputy CRO/Head of Firm-wide Market Risk to monitor market risk and Wholesale Chief Credit Officer (WCCO) to assess the wholesale credit risk, were also created. Actions to strengthen the model review group are focused on selecting the most significant models, testing and reviewing risk exposure precisely, specifying different models to different products, and updating the database. CIO also enhanced the limit structure, such as 53 new country exposure limits, also applicable to both CIO and Treasury, as a subset to the Firm-wide Country Exposure Limits (From: JPMorgan Report on Trading Loss). These new risk policies offer specified rules to CIO and require them to limit the risk onto a transparent and controllable scale. Social Impact According to OCCs quarterly report on bank derivatives activities, in the fourth quarter of 2011, the big five banks (JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America, Citigroup, Goldman Sachs and HSBC) held 95.7% of the U.S. $ 230.8 trillion derivatives in the outstanding balance. After JPMorgans announcement of the huge loss, major banks stock price acted as: Citigroup fell 2.4 percent, BoA fell 1.7%, Morgan Stanley fell 3.2% and Goldman Sachs fell 2.7%. As the Butterfly Storm presents, a small abnormal fluctuation will bring a disaster to the worldwide financial industry. And the amount at stake is powerful enough to destroy it. Standard Poors and Moodys both downgraded the rating of JPMorgan after the firm disclosed its initial trading loss of $2 billion. As we can see from the chart, the last credit rating was lowered and future rating downgrades are possible reflecting increased concerns about the banks hedging capabilities. Macintosh HD:Users:xuli:Pictures:JPMorgan rating from SP.png The next graph shows Moodys rating downgrade in response to JPMorgans London branch problems. It was downgraded from Aa2 to Aa3 since 21 Jun 2012. Macintosh HD:Users:xuli:Pictures:JPMorgan London Branch from Moodys.png The following chart shows the rating for JPMorgan Chase financial strength declining from B to C in the middle of 2012. Macintosh HD:Users:xuli:Pictures:JPMorgan Chase from Moodys.png Whats more, the rating on long-term debt was lowered from Aa3 to A2, which means Moodys regards JPMorgans debt as riskier making it more costly for them to raise funds in the future. In addition, it has altered the risk profile for existing bondholders portfolios. Regulatory Impact Dimon was requested to appear in congressional hearings regarding the loss. The Federal Reserve and OCC called for JPMorgan to improve its risk management team and rebuild the CIO department structure. In addition, federal regulators commanded JPMorgan to improve its money-laundering prevention. Conclusion As Mr.Dimon said to Meet the Press: we have a huge security portfolio, we are a big bank. In fact this security portfolio has unrealized gain of $80 billion, but in how we manage that portfolio we did lose $2 billion. We took far too much risk, the strategy we had built is badly verified and badly monitor. It should never happen. Certainly, Jamie Dimons long-standing reputation and willingness to cooperate in various sentence hearings displays a role model case for handling such crises. Weathering this storm required the collaborative effort of many of the firms top talent. From assessing the damage, to outlining more than a band aid fix. Dimon, speaking as a panelist at the 2013 Davos convention, pointed out that these losses were sustained in an area protected from clients accounts. However, this was a major malfunction in the company, that consults other international firms to avoid this. When a huge $6 billion loss occurs in a department aimed at reducing risk rather than taking it, it comes as no surprise that business leaders began taking notes. The trades and risks were in such great magnitude that it is crucial with true risk management for the officers to have been monitoring this activity closely, accurately and often.

The Argument of Abortion Free Essays

In On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion, Mary Anne Warren discusses a few arguments against abortion, namely bringing into play whether the fetus is actually a person, or â€Å"not a member of the moral community†. She defends that abortion is a morally sound action. Don Marquis, in his essay An Argument that Abortion is Wrong, takes the opposite stance. We will write a custom essay sample on The Argument of Abortion or any similar topic only for you Order Now He claims â€Å"that abortion, except perhaps in rare instances, is seriously wrong†.The first thing we read in Warren’s article is the thought experiment first conceived by Judith Thomson. It’s an analogy that uses a normal person, male or female, and a famous violinist. Let’s say the Society of Music Lovers kidnaps you, and hooks you up to this dying violinist. If you choose to unhook yourself, the violinist will die, but if you let him stay hooked up to you to use your kidneys (for a period of nine months), then he will be cured and both of you will be free.Thomson asks what a person’s obligations in this situation are, and, to be consistent with Warren’s argument, she says it would be ridiculous to be stay in bed with the violinist, and thus you are able to leave at any time. You shouldn’t feel responsible for the death of the violinist. But Marquis, in his essay, points out that, while good for dealing with abortions due to rape, the analogy doesn’t hold up. Thomson draws to our attention that in pregnancy a fetus uses the woman’s body for life-support, but the woman doesn’t use a fetus’s body for life support.Thus, in an abortion the life that is lost is the fetus’s, not the woman’s. This leaves us with a standoff. I think this overall analogy is not significantly helpful for either side of the argument. Warren then discusses whether or not abortion is actually the killing of a â€Å"person†, calling into question when a fetus matures to the point of personhood. She defines the moral community as having some (the more the better) of these six characteristics: sentience (capacity to have conscious experiences), emotionality (capacity to feel sad, angry, happy, etc. , reason (capacity to solve new and relatively complex problems), capacity to communicate (by any means), self-awareness (concept of oneself), and finally moral agency (capacity to regulate one’s own actions). This is clearly very sketchy, because infants and mentally or physically challenged people are still referred to and thought of as â€Å"people†, or â€Å"members of the moral community†, despite a lack of many of these traits. Both articles address this idea of personhood, but neither one really wins.The good thing with defining personhood biologically—saying it’s a person at conception—quantifies it†¦it gives a definitive time, not some subjective date when certain sentient or reasoning qualities are met, and this lessens the confusion. But I still agree somewhat with the view held by Warren that fetuses can’t reason or fend for themselves nor (until cerebral development) do really anything other than exist. So again, I don’t think either side has a stronger case, because both Warren and Marquis have points that basically offset one another. An interesting thing that Marquis then does is go on to talk about FLO, or â€Å"future like ours†. He claims that killing deprives a person of a future that is like ours, and says that abortion is killing a fetus that will have a future like ours. Taking someone’s entire future away from them is the worst of crimes, and he argues that abortion is this kind of deprivation of future. Killing an adult is an awful thing to do because it takes away that adult’s future, a future that is of great value.The same goes for aborted fetuses—they had a future that would be valued but it was taken away from them. Warren also argues that a woman has a right to life, so she can make a decision that she sees fit, since her body belongs to her and only her. In response to this, Marquis says that, except during rape (when he believes it is permissible), a fetus has just as much of a right to life as the woman, and therefore an abortion is wrong. Marquis concludes that abortion is seriously wrong, except in unusual cases (rape, incest, and possible death of the mother).Depriving an FLO shows how wrong killing an adult is, and since fetuses have an FLO, killing them is just as bad. Warren concludes that fetuses are neither persons nor members of the moral community. She does not think that the fetus’s resemblance to a person nor the potential for becoming a person is a good enough claim to say it has an equal right to life. Marquis agrees with Warren inasmuch as the pregnancy is due to rape or other unusual condition, so there is no argument there.The argument over personhood is a much better one, and I think that both sides have a very strong position and arguments. On one side there is the lack of human traits to make a fetus a person, and on the other there is a biological definition of life which occurs at conception. It is nearly impossible to determine who’s argument is stronger, because I can see how both sides can work. As for the woman’s rights, I think again it is two-sided. Neither side really comes away with a clear-cut victory.Warren argues that a woman can do whatever she wants with her body because it is her body but Marquis suggests that that cannot include killing a fetus (with an FLO). Overall I believe that Warren has stronger arguments, although I don’t necessarily agree with them. I think it is morally correct to carry the baby for nine months and then give it up for adoption or something like that, but that is such an unbelievably huge burden to put on someone, so I can understand where an abortion might need to take place.So, I feel that Mary Anne Warren gives stronger arguments only because she explains them in much more detail, allowing the reader to at least understand where she is coming from, whereas Don Marquis just tells us what his views are with li ttle information to back them up. Abortion is a very difficult topic to discuss or write upon, and, even though I disagree with her, I think Warren did a better job to explain what her views on abortion were and where they came from. How to cite The Argument of Abortion, Essays

Westjet Case Analysis free essay sample

Table of Contents Executive Summaryi Table of Contents1 About WestJet1 Market Share2 Domestic2 International3 Market Position and SWOT Analysis5 WestJet Key Financial Ratios7 Accounting, Finance, Legal and Environmental Issues8 Shareholders and Company Ownership8 Accounting Policy and Internal Control9 Legal9 Environmental 11 Investor Recommendations12 Bibliography13 THE COMPANY AND ITS POSITION IN THE MARKET Competitive Landscape Markets where WestJet competes: †¢Airlines †¢Consumer Services †¢Travel Agencies Services †¢Transportation Services †¢Air Cargo Services Direct competitors †¢Air Canada †¢Air Transat †¢Porter Air Central Mountain Air Key Financial Data 201020092008 Profit margin5. 24%9. 23%11. 48% Return on Equity8. 59%15. 16%27. 21% Debt/Total Assets0. 580. 600. 67 Book value$ 10. 54$ 10. 01$ 8. 28 About WestJet WestJet is a Canadian low-cost airline, publicly traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange – (TSX: WJA). Founded in 1996 , it currently is the second largest carrier in Canada, next to Air Canada. WestJet operates in 70 cities across North America, Mexico and the Caribbean and employs over 8000 employees and is non-unionized. The WestJet head office and main hub is located in Calgary, the other main hub being Toronto Pearson Airport. We will write a custom essay sample on Westjet Case Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The airline operates an average of 420 flights and carries 40000 passengers per day. WestJets fleet consists exclusively of Boeing 737s, following the single operating type model pioneered by Southwest Airlines. In 2010 the carrier’s fleet consisted of 91 aircraft. WestJet has maintained a constant focus on customer service, providing low fares, and always-on-time service, allowing them to take a leading position in the Canadian airline industry. Market Share Domestic FIGURE 1 SOURCE: DATA FROM BRENT JANG, WESTJET CLOSING THE GAP WITH AIR CANADA, THE GLOBE AND MAIL REPORT ON BUSINESS, FEBRUARY 18,2010, HTTP://WWW. THEGLOBEANDMAIL. COM/REPORT-ON-BUSINESS/WESTJET-CLOSING-GAP-WITH-AIR-CANADA/ARTICLE1472230/ WestJet’s 2009 domestic market share is 38% which they plan to increase to 45% by 2014. Their current strategy is to increase market share each year steadily by 1%-2%, to which they have been very successful – from 2000 to 2010 WestJet’s market share grew from 7% to 38%. International FIGURE 2 SOURCE: DATA FROM BRENT JANG, WESTJET CLOSING THE GAP WITH AIR CANADA, THE GLOBE AND MAIL REPORT ON BUSINESS, HTTP://WWW. THEGLOBEANDMAIL. COM/REPORT-ON-BUSINESS/WESTJET-CLOSING-GAP-WITH-AIR-CANADA/ARTICLE1472230/ As of December 2010, WestJet had a 15% market share in the Mexico/ Caribbean market and 13% in the trans-border market. International cont’d FIGURE 3 SOURCE: DATA FROM BRENT JANG, WESTJET CLOSING THE GAP WITH AIR CANADA, THE GLOBE AND MAIL REPORT ON BUSINESS, HTTP://WWW. THEGLOBEANDMAIL. COM/REPORT-ON-BUSINESS/WESTJET-CLOSING-GAP-WITH-AIR-CANADA/ARTICLE1472230/ ? Market Position and SWOT Analysis WestJet has positioned itself as no frills airline company offering which offers lower rates and better service than its competitors. When WestJet started operations their plan was to target families who travelled by car. Once WestJet had established its target market, it worked on enhancing customer service to these customers without increasing fares. WestJet markets itself as being different than its competitors. Using its unique slogans such as â€Å"Owners Care† and â€Å"I Care-Antee it†, Westjet enhances the positive image of its corporate culture. WestJet actively markets its staff as â€Å"WestJetters†, with 84% of the WestJet’s eligible employees owning shares in the company . WestJet has also been the awarded the title â€Å"Canada’s Most Admired Corporate Culture† by Waterstone Human Capital for four years . WestJet Vacations, started in 2004, is now a leader in the vacation package industry. It is #1 hotel room provider in Las Vegas, and is continuously growing in the US, Mexico and Caribbean marketplace. [SOURCE ] Recently, Westjet has been expanding the reach of their market by entering into strategic code-sharing agreements with international carriers, such as Cathay Pacific , and American Airlines ? StrengthsWeaknesses †¢Current strategic plan built on four pillars oPeople and Culture oGuest Experience oRevenue and Growth oCosts †¢Canadian based airline, support of Canadians †¢Newer, more comfortable airplanes Numerous code-sharing partnerships †¢Vertical integration with WestJet Vacations†¢Aggressive expansion in extremely competitive international market †¢Canadian based airline may find it hard to find strong support from US and International customers †¢Limited number of markets, many markets are seasonal †¢Customers loyalty may be limited to fares and seat sales OpportunitiesThreats †¢Continual expansion in local market share †¢Continual expansion of code-sharing agreements †¢Expansion of WestJet Vacations to preferred vacation destinations †¢Code-sharing opportunities with Asian carriers and other International carriers New entrants with a similar business model †¢Volatile fuel costs and changes in interest and exchange rates †¢Weather conditions †¢Acts of terrorism †¢Changes in airline legislation and labor laws TABLE 2 SOURCE: ? WestJet Key Financial Ratios 5-year Financial Ratios 2010 2009 200820072006 Profit Margin 5%9%11%14%9% Return on equity 9%15%27%4. 85%4. 89% Debt/Total Assets 0. 580. 600. 670. 200. 17 Interest coverage 3. 272. 023. 353. 152. 34 Price earnings ratio 15. 1916. 749. 44 8. 0515. 49 Book value $10. 55$10. 01$8. 28$3. 42$2. 79 Price to book ratio 1. 351. 241. 583. 514. 89 Table source: Westjet Annual Financial Reports WestJet shows strong overall strength in their financial performance. â€Å"WestJet announced the initiation of a quarterly dividend program in November 2010. The first payment of $0. 05 per common voting share and variable voting share is payable on January 21, 2011 to shareholders on record on December 15, 2010. † WestJet Traffic Statistics YearLoad FactorASM (billions)RPM (billions) 201079. 90%19. 53515. 613 200978. 70%17. 58813. 835 200880. 10%17. 1413. 731 ? Accounting, Finance, Legal and Environmental Issues Shareholders and Company Ownership WestJet shares are comprised of 75% common shares and 25% variable shares. Under the provisions of the Canada Transportation Act, WestJet must be controlled by Canadians. To ensure this the common shares must be owned by Canadians. The variable shares may be owned by non-Canadians. The Company was founded in 1996 by Clive Beddoe and a team of fellow entrepreneurs. In July 1999 the airline went public offering 1. 5million shares @ $10 starting notice. Clive continues to lead WestJet as founding Shareholder and chairman of the board of directors. The President and CEO is Gregg Saretsky, recently taking over the role from Sean Durfy who stepped down for personal reasons in 2009. Gregg was appointed as CEO in April 2010 and had previously been VP of WestJet vacations with over 30 years of aviation experience. The other members of the executive are: †¢Vito Clone, Executive VP, Finance, CFO †¢Bob Cummings, Executive VP, Marketing and Sales †¢Hugh Dunleavy, Executive VP, Strategy and Planning †¢Ferio Pugiese, Executive VP, People and Culture WestJet prides itself in being over 80% employee owned and offers several employee profit sharing and share plans. The risk of this type of ownership position is that should company profits fall, the employees may pursue union representation. Part of the uniqueness of the company is that it is non-union and this move away from the employees as owner could impact the company significantly. Accounting Policy and Internal Control During the latter half of 2010, WestJet implemented a new Human Resource Information System (HRIS). This new platform software combines the majority of human resource and payroll into two new components in their current ERP software. In October of 2009, WestJet also took on a major upgrade to their outdated reservation system, to a new system called SabreSonic. Almost immediately, WestJet encountered major problems. This in turn resulted in increasingly high call center volumes, upset customers, and a significant amount of resources to resolve this issue. WestJet had to also push back several important planned frequent flyer programs and code-sharing plans. â€Å"On February 13, 2008, the Accounting Standards Board (AcSB) confirmed that the changeover to IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) from Canadian GAAP will be required for publicly accountable enterprises from interim and annual financial statements, effective for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2011† Legal There have been two lawsuits of note against WestJet in the last decade . The litigants were competitors Air Canada and Jetsgo. The more famous of the two is a corporate espionage lawsuit that was filed against WestJet back in April of 2004. WestJet was accused of hacking into Air Canada`s employee website to retrieve confidential information. The result of this $200 million law suit was WestJet settled and agreed pay a $5. 5 million settlement and donated $10 million to children`s charities in both of the airlines names. WestJet also announced a public apology to Air Canada and accepted all wrong doing. ? Environmental Since 2001, WestJet has spent over $2 billion in upgrading their fleet to the more fuel efficient Next-Generation Boeing 737-series aircrafts. The airline was the first to adopt Required Navigation Performance (RNP) to land their aircraft. RNP shortens airtime and reduces fuel burn and emissions. They have constructed a new Calgary Campus which was designed in accordance with the Leadership in Energy and Environment Design (LEED) Green Building System. Though the airline industry in as a whole has promised to reduce carbon emissions over the next 20 years, the Aviation Environment Summit (A) found that aviation emissions have accounted for 2 percent of the overall global fossil fuel CO2 emissions in 2005, this number has also been predicted to increase to 3 percent by 2050. The aviation industry faces a larger more propionate problem, as each commercial aircraft fly’s in the upper atmosphere their water vapour contrails from their engines could produce climate variance at a rate that is disproportionate to the overall greenhouse-gas contribution. To simplify this theory, water vapour contrails can increase cirrus-cloud coverage on days that are clear by as much as 30%. Investor Recommendations Our review of WestJet is a company that has no doubt survived one of the largest recessions in our lifetime, rising fuel prices, and corporate espionage case with its largest competitor. Yet, in its resiliency, under new leadership from Gregg Saretsky, the company foreseeable future is that of success. A simple business model based on strong corporate culture, exceptional guest service, and keeping costs low while offering high value . We see promise in WestJet’s management direction to increase airline partnership and to expand their global reach. It is also important that we recognize, WestJet management acknowledging and taking full responsibility for their reservation system blunder in 2009. We trust that senior management will provide full transparency to its guests, employees, and shareholders for any future milestones or changes. With an industry that has significant external controlling factors, we see a major success and accomplishment in WestJet’s 15 years of operation with producing 55 out of 7 profitable quarters. More importantly, we would like to highlight the company’s Return on Equity which is 9% compared to its closest competitor Air Canada at 9%. It is also very impressive with the amount of capital expenditures and operating expenses that WestJet is able to keep a profit margin of 5% compared to Air Canada’s 1%. Value for WestJet is justified by assessing the companyâ €™s strong corporate culture, high brand equity, simple low cost business model, and proven success. It is our recommendation that WestJet be considered a strong candidate for investment. Bibliography Jang Brent, WestJet Closing the Gap with Air Canada, The Globe and Mail report on business, February,18,2010, http://www. theglobeandmail. com/report-on-business/westjet-closing-gap-with-air-canada/article1472230/ Kjelgaard Chris, â€Å"Flying Friendly: Aviation’s Environmental Challenge,† SPACE. com, August 23,2007,http://www. space. com/4160-flying-friendly-aviation-environmental-challenge. html Waterstone Human Capital, †About Canada’s 10† Waterstone HC Website, http://www. waterstonehc. com/cmac/about-canadas-10/10-most-admired-corporate-cultures-2005-2010 WestJet Airlines Ltd. , †Investor Media-Backgrounder,† WestJet Airlines Company Website, http://www. westjet. com/pdf/investorMedia/westjetBackgrounder. pdf Source:[WestJet Competition-Industries where WestJet Airlines Ltd. Competes],via Hoover,Inc. http://www. hoovers. com/company/WestJet_Airlines_Ltd/rffxrci-1-1njea3. html WestJet Airlines Ltd. , †Investor Fact Sheet,† WestJet Airlines Company Website, http://www. westjet. com/pdf/investorMedia/investorFactSheet. pdf WestJet Airlines Ltd. , †Media and Investors Relations-Stock Information†,

Conceptual Metaphors and Metonyms in Love Pop Songs.

Babinski Condition

Babinski Condition The significance of a positive Babinski finding in an adult trauma patient is that indicates a dysfunction within the central nervous system (CNS) of the patient. Specifically, the finding indicates that the problem within the CNS is at the pyramidal track.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Babinski Condition specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, the medical personnel will have an overview of the problem area within the CNS without having to perform other tests especially when the medical practitioner is very sure of the finding. Besides, the medical personnel will be in a position to offer advice to the patient on the best strategies of copying up with this ailment (Singerman and Lee 2008). Positive Babinski in adults and older children is abnormal. Specifically, when the test indicate asymmetry finding, that is, when the Babinski symptom is detected on only one side of the patient, it is a clear indication of troubl e which can focused to the side of the Central Nervous System involved. Reflectively, positive Babinski may only be normal in small children since their CNS is not fully developed. Patient education The Babinski condition is characterized by weakness of the muscles, challenges in coordination and control of the muscles and irresponsiveness or abnormal responsiveness to touch. However, it has not been possible to put a figure on the number of human beings suffering from this condition. It has been shown that lack of pre-exposure to the condition could lead to extreme behavior habits and response to stimuli. This condition is not very frequent but may be causes by secondary disorders that occur in the brain or the nervous system. There is no single cause of this condition though it may be common among the children of less than one year old since their nervous system is not fully developed (Miller and Johnston 2005). In the normal occurrence, the Babinski condition will disappear among the minors after the age of one to two years. Causes of Babinski There is no specific cause of this condition. However, it is often occurs a result f disorders in the nervous system. These are some of the disorders which may lead to occurrence of the Babinski condition in adults; Brain injury or brain tumor Injury in the spinal cord The Lou Gehrig disease Multiple sclerosis Occurrence of meningitis Stroke Signs of the Babinski condition Loss of sensors in the affected foot or arm General weakness within the plantar flexion part Absence of the reflex in the ankle jerk Treatment of the Babinski condition The behavioral risk factors in relation to Babinski should be identified to combat the condition. The success of this intervention will require the involvement of experts, mainly social anthropologists, and social scientists. The patient should also be empowered in prevention measures, as well as have effective methods, put in place in order to control and prevent the condition. Those who undergo exposure programs should limit the time period between exposure and treatment.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although there is little treatment related to this ailment, a medical specialist may offer vital assessment and preventive advice to a patient. Basically, the main form of care is precaution to avoid injury. A patient should remain calm and live in an environment that does not promote occurrence of injuries (Purdy 2010). Besides, the patient can be treated for causal ailments such as brain tumor, stroke, meningitis, and nervous system defects. References Miller, T., Johnston, C. (2005). Should the Babinski sing be part of the routine neurologic examination? Neurology, 65(2), 1165-1168. Purdy, R.A. (2010). The most important neurologic reflex. American Journal of Medicine, 123(2), 793-795 Singerman, J., Lee, L. (2008). Consistency of the Ba binski reflex and its variants. European Journal of Neurology, 15(1), 960-964.

Self-Evaluation- (Justice Theory) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Self-Evaluation- (Justice Theory) - Essay Example John Rawls offers just one of these theories, which is broken into two parts, the Principle of Equal Liberty and the Difference Principle. It is through this theory that human beings can live a in a fair and just society where all of its members are valued and have a place. Of course, there is no such thing as a singular universal solution to the problem, but it does offer some interesting viewpoints. In the simplest explanation Rawls perspective is that the Principle of Equal Liberty allows that each person in the society should have an equal rights to a system that creates a level of compatibility of everyone within the that society. The Difference Principle is also broken into two distinct parts. The first part states that the all of the economic and social inequalities are structured in a way that allows, firstly, the greatest benefit to those in the least advantageous positions. The second part explains that the equalities of society should be formed so that the offices and positions ( political, civic, or professional) should be open to all, regardless of income, station or status (Garrett, 2011). The egalitarian viewpoint of the Principle of Equal Liberty is very libertarian in its perspective. On the surface this principle sounds quite fair and sound. However, in a society filled with classism, the poor, the middle class, and the wealthy it can be difficult to devise such a system based on that principle. In order for everyone to have truly equal rights to all of the same opportunities, be it education, employment, politics, or other forms of public service then the class system would have to be deconstructed or allow it to fade away while this new perspective becomes dominant. The second part of the Difference Principle also favors a rather egalitarian or libertarian perspective in that anyone should have the same

Sacred Rite - Roman Catholic Christian Sacramental Worship Research Paper

Sacred Rite - Roman Catholic Christian Sacramental Worship - Research Paper Example This paper will discuss the sacred rites around the Catholic Christian worship. Catholic catechism helps it followers understand the deep mysteries of the Church. It purports to be the only church left by Jesus Christ, and they state this in the creed the decreed the church as one, holy, Catholic and apostolic. To Catholics, a sacrament is a sacred procedure through which God uses to express his grace to humankind. In addition, sacraments depict Gods presence. Before Jesus Christ left earth, Catholics believe he celebrated seven sacraments, which they hold dear in their faith. These include baptism, confirmation Eucharist, penance, anointing of the sick, matrimony, and religious orders. Eucharist is a vital sacrament that holds most of the Catholic faith. They believe that it completes a new believer’s initiation to the church. It is the only sacrament that is celebrated daily as Catholic faithful congregate for their prayers that they call â€Å"mass.† Eucharistic sacrifice includes prayers, reading parts of the bible, singing of hymns, and priests present. The wheat and wine in some peculiar glasses are lifted to God, and the priest chants some words to invite God to do the transformation. After these prayers, Christians partake of the bread as the body of Jesus and wine as the blood of Jesus. In this, they celebrate his death and resurrection on the cross, which they believe to have washed their original sin caused by Adam and Eve. Not all Catholic Christians participate in the Eucharist in a celebration. Eucharist is sacred and therefore, Christians living in sin will not partake of it. Such Christians include married couples who did not have their union blessed in church and people who have not gone for atonement for some time and thus have accumulated sins. In the Catholic faith, ordination to the priesthood is a sacrament on its own. Every Christian has the right to choose to marry or spend a celibate life.  

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Using Esearch English Language Essay

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Using Esearch English Language Essay Abstract The purpose of this research is going to evaluate the advantages of using eSearch outweigh the disadvantages for NTIC students. The research is based on lists of literature review that refer to the academic search engine or online learning resources acquiring. The primary research conducts by a questionnaire. The sample mainly comes from students who study at Nottingham Trent International College and try to find out a reasonable result. The sample size is twenty-eight student of NTIC. The findings unveil that the advantages of using eSearch engine outweigh the disadvantages for the NTIC students. There were total 96% respondents have thought eSearch style is important for academic information acquiring. There were twenty-six respondents think the advantages of using eSearch engine outweigh the disadvantages. This finding may help students who study at NTIC to know and use the eSearch on the NTU website. Introduction This is a research project report. It attempts to find out some significance about using academic search engine such eSearch on the NTU website. Probably, some NTIC students do not know what exactly function and action does eSearch has. Hopefully, the prospective finding may be a beneficial and helpful guidance for NTIC students. Background The development of information and communication technology started from 1970s. In the past two decades, the applications based on information and communication technology has made great progress in actual applications. In this day and age, information and communication technology is developing rapidly. There are varieties of electronic applications based on the Internet and computer. For example, the search engine such as Google, that plays a very vital role in present work, study, amusement and everywhere in life. However, for some academic research area, general search engine is not very good for academic purpose (Golian, 2000). Accordingly, an academic search engine such as eSearch application of Nottingham Trent University (NTU) website come out. Students can obtain abundant academic resources and do the research by this kind of web based software. Such academic search engines have became more and more popular among numerous learning institutions. Hypothesis and Research Problem In terms of students of Nottingham Trent International College (NTIC), looking for a valid and reliable academic information resource is a very important thing for those who is doing a research project or just for an essay purpose. My hypothesis is that to use eSearch probably is a better way for students who would like to obtain academic information resources. Therefore, my research question is that whether the advantages of using eSearch outweigh the disadvantages for NTIC students or not. Aim and Objectives This research will conduct by a questionnaire. The overall aim of this research is intended to evaluate the advantages of using eSearch outweigh the disadvantages for NTIC students. The outcome of this research will be a guide of using the eSearch, especially for those who still do not know what the eSearch application is. As for explicit objectives of this work, it will focus on: To find out what benefits of use of eSearch has of value to NTIC students. To investigate why NTIC students use eSearch engine on NTU website. To indicate to what extend the advantages of using eSearch outweigh the disadvantages for NTIC students. Literature Review In point of fact, the eSearch is a web-based and academic search engine. The main purpose of this literature review is going to provide an overview that explores some evidence of primary research or book into the use of academic search engines, which will relate to the eSearch and selected research question area. The literature review is going to divide into two sections. At the first section, it will look at what advantages and disadvantages of use of academic search engine have been referred to and what is still not mentioned. At the second section, it will look at some actual use and relative reason that students use academic search engine. The advantages and disadvantages of the eSearch The eSearch application can be used in the field of information gathering and subject research. There are many research finding shown that the use of academic search engine has advantages and disadvantages. Kruse (2004) argues that eSearch provides a fast and convenient way that learners obtain useful information resources. Ma (2006) agrees with him and he also indicates that the learning by eSearch can be lifetime learning with the low cost. In fact, the essence of eSearch belongs to the scope of e-learning system. Holmes and Gardner (2006) argue that e-learning style based on web or other information and communication technology, the learners can learn what they want to learn by internet. Meanwhile, some finding also showed the disadvantages of use of academic search engine. Kruse (2004) considers that sometimes there are some technical issues that the possibility of obtaining wrong information when using eSearch application access to the resources, which will waste time. Moreover, Allen (2003) mentions that the e-learning system is faultiness, which lack of effective and collaborative learning and so much research research by e-learning way that results a pool performance. In spite of these literature mentioned are both advantages and disadvantages of using eSearch style, all finding are surface and general, which seems just about the way that acquires information by web based application like eSearch is good or bad. The scope of data collection is very broad. They did not focus on a special group and mention any advantages or disadvantages of using eSearch application that relate to students who want to obtain academic information resources, especially for those who want to know whether advantages of using eSearch to do a research project outweigh disadvantages among the NTIC. This seems like that more work need to do in this specific area. The practical use of eSearch At present, the academic search engine as a common practice is likely playing vital role in a majority of learning institutions. On the one hand, Allen (2003) points that many students obtain information by using eSearch style because it is more flexible and interesting for their learning. On the other hand, Allen also mentions that some students think that eSearch applicatons are boring, useless, a weak searching function that cannot access useful resources after they tried eSearch applications. In spite of that, the eSearch application is still play an active role on learning of research. In practical case, positive attitudes are more than negative attitudes (Burgess, 2007). It seems like that the development of information and communication technology lead to an inevitable outcome. However, their finding did not mention that how important or useful when using an eSearch application to do a academic research. Furthermore, due to eSearch style can get academic information resources validly and reliably, many libraries of learning institutions develop electronic library as an academic information research tool. Gibbons (2007) argues that the academic library is based on Web 2.0 with abundant academic information resources, which can simply search a book or other academic information. Meanwhile, Gibbons highlights that eSearch style provides wonderful chance for students who live in the web generation. Nevertheless, all previous results just show obtaining academic information resources by eSearch style is recommended, but for NTIC students, there is no research finding to show that the advantages of using eSearch on NTU website outweigh disadvantages. Probably, this gap will be filled by this research. Methodology This section is going to state what research method was choose for the data collection of this research and how to administer it. Research methodology is not only about what methods the study use, the logic behind the method is quite important as well and it also need to explain why the particular method was selected and why did not choose others (Kumar, 2008). Method of Data Collecting A questionnaire that based on chosen topic area has been used for data collection. This is main and unique method of data collection this research used. Others like interview or observation have been considered, however, due to lack of times, those are complex method for this research. To use those way, which are harder to administer and probably will cost more time. Therefore, in order to collect suitable information immediately and efficiently. The questionnaire was chosen. To see how good the questionnaire done, which is a relatively appropriate way for the purpose that collecting useful information among students who study at NTIC. Questionnaire Administering The questionnaire of this research was administered via both email and face to face way. These two ways are both work well. To deliver questionnaires via face to face way, it seems like an optimum approach to get the information of the research back. In fact, sometimes to ask questions and get answers from others especially those who are stranger and do not know where do their answers going. They not only worry about the security of some privacy but also introverted when face to a stranger. Forasmuch there is a little difficult via face to face way, in order to supply a deficiency, some questionnaires sent via email. The respondents randomly came from the email list of NTIC students. Description of Questionnaire There are thirteen questions in the questionnaire (appendix 1) and include two question types. Most of questions are list question. There were nine questions are list, which gave several or more choices for respondents. Other four questions are scale question, which provide different stages of scaling for respondents. There were four important questions out of thirteen on the questionnaire. They were numbers 6, 7, 8 and 11 on the questionnaire. The most important question was number 11. The aim of this question was to indicate to what extend the advantages of using eSearch outweigh the disadvantages for NTIC students. This question was asked because the answer may provide very useful information from NTIC students, which was concentrated on the research question area. Questionnaire Piloting There were some worth the whistle information when the questionnaire was piloted. The questionnaire was given to thirty people. The people were students at NTIC. Among these thirty students, there were twenty-eight returned the questionnaire back. The twenty-eight respondents were from different levels at the NTIC. Why those two people who did not accept the questionnaire? The reason is that one of them had been answered too many questionnaire at the same time. Another one accepted the questionnaire by email but did not return it. Probably due to he has no enough time to do. Anyway, twenty-eight available questionnaires were available. In addition, some respondents mentioned that per questionnaire spent about time 3 minutes and the question type and layout of the questionnaire are acceptable. However, there were one person mentioned that there were one question is not appreciate for the data collecting about this research question. It was question 10. This question talked about lectures and trainings for the use of eSearch engine by NTU or NTIC. He thought this question is unnecessary because the research question is about balancing advantages and disadvantages. Why asking question about training. I have checked this question. I think this is a useful question because the answer is how essential eSearch trainings are. If most people think the eSearch training is essential, which means using eSearch is important. This answer could affect the final finding. Sampling Strategy In order to carry out a significative finding from based on the research question, a sampling technique will be considered. The questionnaire was focus on students who study at NTIC. At the beginning of this research, the whole NTU was considered. However, this is too broad way to collect data for the research area. NTIC students as a representative of the NTU as a whole, they use the eSearch engine on the NTU website as well. To choose this group would be better than choose whole NTU, because the collected data is available for the chosen research area, and it is also easier to reach this group at different level then produce a good sample. Ethical Considerations The privacy issue had been considered. Indeed, a research problem based on human activities has been virtually involved in some ethical issues (Bernard, 2000). Furthermore, the trust issue is important as well. These issues will cause valid and reliable of data collected. Hence, an anonymous survey was adopted. Findings and Discussion This section is going to carry out findings for the research question. Following data analysis and discussion was based on the primary research. Figure 1 shows that there were twenty-eight NTIC students use online search engine to acquire information, which means all respondents were using online search engine although they were different majors and taking different programmes. It can be seen that there were twenty students use online search engine, who are taking graduate diploma programme. There were five diploma students and three foundation students use online search engine. It is clearly to see that graduate diploma students use online search engine were more than both diploma and foundation students. There is a strong possibility that graduate diploma students who are preparing for the master course, which means their work need to do more research and then they searching online intended to acquire more information. Furthermore, we can see that diploma students more than foundation students, which probably due to the degree of diploma higher than foundation and they did more research than foundation. If so, it seems like that the result just demonstrated the previous speculation. As for business students, there were five students use online search engine to acquire information but there were no statistical figures refer to diploma and foundation students. It is likely not business students of taking diploma and foundation programme did not use online search engine but probably due to the questionnaire did not reached diploma and foundation group at business field. The top group of using online search engine was computing students. There were nine students responded yes in total. In comparison with media students, statistics were quite similar and just a little less than computing students. There were eight students responded yes in total. Most respondents belong these two groups. The possible reason is that they are both IT guys. Media students probably were a little bit weaker in computer and Internet operating skills. There were three students who taking law programme use online engine to acquire information and same number in other students group, which is the least statistics in this survey. There were two students are graduated diploma students, which have about 66% of total. Only one diploma student was marked. Maybe graduate diploma students need to do more research and then they use online search engine to acquire information. Totally, all respondents use online search engine to acquire information. Although the proportion of graduate diploma students is more than others, this is not the focus of the research project. The key finding from this figure is likely that everyone need to use online search engine regardless of what programme the student does. Therefore, there is a strong possibility that students could benefit more from using search engine to acquire information. This pie chart shown the proportion of different attitudes that how important to NTIC students is accessing academic learning resources by an eSearch engine. It can be seen that the rate of important is quiet high than others. Many NTIC students thought using eSearch engine accessing academic learning resources is important. The proportion reached 67%. This is the highest number. Probably these respondents use eSearch engine on the NTU website frequently because they think it is important for their learning. Meanwhile, there were 18% respondents think accessing academic learning resources by an eSearch engine is very important. Although the number is not in the top, it still reached the second. Combining with the rate of thinking eSearch is important, which likely means there were majority of respondents who prefer using eSearch engine to obtain academic learning resources. Regarding to others, the proportion of respondents who thinking the use of eSearch is slightly important has 11%. Maybe there are some technical issues leads to those who think eSearch is slightly important. Only 4% respondents think that is not important by eSearch engine to acquire academic learning resources. It seems they just do not care it instead of never use it. According to the figure 2, total 96% respondents have thought eSearch style is important for academic information acquiring. Merely the extent of importance of using eSearch displayed different levels. An realistic estimate would be that using eSearch on the NTU website to access academic learning resources is a important way for NTIC students who writing a academic essay or doing a research project. Further speculation would be that using eSearch might have more beneficial and helpful than without it. From figure 3 we can see the numbers of respondents which balancing the advantages of using eSearch and disadvantages. It shows the rate which NTIC students think the advantages of using eSearch outweigh the disadvantages by three different programme groups that include foundation, diploma and graduate diploma. There were total seventeen graduate diploma students, five diploma students and six foundation students. Almost all respondents consider that the advantages of using eSearch outweigh the disadvantages for NTIC students. There were only few thoughts (one graduate diploma students and one foundation students) of respondents between these two extremes. And there was nobody thinks the disadvantages of using eSearch outweght advantages. There were five graduate diploma students believe that using eSearch engine possess absolute advantages, the disadvantages could be ignored. There were one diploma and two foundation students who think the advantages of using eSearch is undoubted. This statistical range is not a topmost but it shown nearly more than 28% of respondents who strongly affirmed the advantages of using eSearch. Maybe their feeling of dependence to the Internet is strong and seems they use eSearch frequently. There were eighteen respondents picked extent four, which means they agree with that the advantages of using eSearch engine outweigh disadvantages. This is not absolute but somewhat. These statistical numbers were more than half of total respondents. The numbers of graduate diploma students reached a peak at this range. There were eleven respondents choose somewhat advantages for using eSearch. Probable reason is that most respondents came from graduate diploma students just less numbers of respondents who taking other programme. Respondents who taking diploma and foundation programme have five people, which four were diploma students and three of were foundation students. Taking one with another, respondents who think absolute advantages eSeach has, the numbers raised about one-third of total numbers of respondents. Adding the two together, there were twenty-six respondents think that the use of eSearch has advantages. This is an overwhelming majority. There is a strong possibility that most NTIC students recognized the advantages of using eSearch on the NTU website, which probably due to the use of eSearch is beneficial and helpful regardless the concerns. From description of statistics and discussion above, the research incessantly deepened. It first looked at the current circumstance of NTIC students using online search engine to acquire information. And then, it analysed the practical using of eSearch. Finally, it took the focus to whether the advantages of using eSearch outweigh the disadvantages. This part had done its task and gradually unveiled the answer of the research question. Conclusion and Recommendations In this research, the main finding was that most of the NTIC students who came from three different programme groups recognize that the advantages of using eSearch engine outweigh disadvantages. By the literature review, it has been found that many researchers or authors have had some different viewpoint about using the online search engine such as eSearch is an important way to acquire academic information resources. Some people argued that academic search engines have clear advantages and using this way to access academic learning resources is an effective measure. Some disagree. Anyway, it can be understood because things always have advantages and disadvantages. This mainly depends on which way can be looked firstly. Or depends on which area can be used in. Whatever which argument, it was only focus on a surface of using search engine or not even just describe the search engine as a product. There was no any findings been found, which focus on a particular area or learning groups. Come back to the research question of this study, the purpose of this research has been carried out. Eventually, the questionnaire unveiled this finding. Most of respondents who came from NTIC gave distinct responses. They use online search engine as well as eSearch engine on the NTU website frequently. Furthermore, the main limitation of this research is limited method of data collecting. There were two reasons caused this limitation. On the one hand, there was no plenty of time to do more research. To design a comprehensive methodology that can be used in data collecting. Now, due to lack of time, the research just simply distributed questionnaire. There was no enough testing for reliability and validity of data. If the time for researching is sufficient, respondents can be divided into different group. There were foundation, diploma and graduate diploma. More segmentation according to different major groups might be feasible. Particularly, the finding was displayed clearly on the graduate diploma students of the NTIC. It is likely to recommend those students who need to do more research and then they may use eSearch engine on the NTU website and benefit from it. They probably experienced the advantages of using eSearch outweigh the disadvantages. Maybe it was truth already and everybody knows that but nobody to prove it. Therefore, the finding could be specific for those who want to use academic search engine to acquire useful information conveniently and effectively. In addition, it can be guidance toward NTIC students and especially for those who still do not what is eSearch.

Hamlet, Prince of Denmark Essay

A bond between a father and a son is sacred, and is surely one of the most firm bonds that have ever existed. When such a bond is severed, a lot of anger can be provoked, most probably in the form of revenge. Throughout â€Å"Hamlet† by Shakespeare, one can observe the theme of revenge exemplified by the main hero, Hamlet, Laertes, and the young Fortinbras, plotting their revenge against the murderers of their fathers. Hamlet is the first of the three to plan his revenge. While in mourning of the recent, mysterious death of his father, the king, he is contacted by a spirit, which bears resemblance to his father. When the ghost tells Hamlet that the new king, Claudius, is responsible for his father’s murder, Hamlet proclaims that he will exist to avenge the death of his father. He will carry out the ghost’s request: â€Å"Thy commandment all alone shall live/ Within the book and volume of my brain† (I.V.102-103). Though Hamlet has promised revenge, his actions are delayed. Hamlet decides that his revenge must wait for a while. He has realized that the ghost he has contacted might simply have been an evil spirit leading him to damnation. Instead of completely believing the ghost, he decides to set up Claudius in order to catch his conscience: â€Å"The spirit I have seen/ Maybe a devil/†¦Abuses me to damn me. I’ll have grounds/ More relative than this. The play’s the thing/ Wherein I’ll catch the conscience of the king† (II.II.594-601). Hamlet’s plot for obtaining solid evidence for convicting the king is to have a play. The basis of the play will be a simple reenactment of the murder of Old Hamlet. Both Hamlet and his trusted advisor, Horatio, will watch Claudius for his reaction. This will give him sufficient reason to kill Claudius. Hamlet’s plan for the play shows his fear of being tempted by the devil into damnation. This shows his religious beliefs yet again. The first example of his faith are in Act I when he is reluctant to commit suicide for fear of the resulting after life: â€Å"O that this too too sullied flesh would melt/. . .Or that the Everlasting had not fix’d/ His canon ‘gainst self-slaughter† (I.II.129-132). These religious beliefs of Hamlet will prove to play a big part in his revenge scheme, and will stall it. The next part of Hamlet’s plot for revenge involves his general temperament. He decides to act as if mad in order to speak and act freely. Any abnormal behavior can be passed off as his temporary insanity. This way he can say and do things to get certain reactions or information from people in order to help him plot his revenge. He does ask however, that his acquaintances do not say anything about his crazy state being false: â€Å"How strange or odd some’er I bear myself/As I perchance hereafter shall think meet/To put an antic disposition/That you, at such time seeing me, never shall/Or by pronouncing of some doubtful phrase† (I.V.179-183). This allows him to further his revenge. Later in the play in Act 3, Hamlet has an unpleasant encounter with his former love, Ophelia. During this heated discussion Hamlet learns that she now has sour feelings toward him and gives him back his gifts. He snaps and unleashes all the built up anger and emotion and bitterness that he has been recently feeling. But he also says something that is intended for Claudius to hear. It is a threat that will play into his ply for revenge. Hamlet proclaims that of â€Å"those that are married already-all but one-shall live† (III.I.150). This overt threat directed toward Claudius is indeed overheard and begins to worry Claudius as planned. Claudius decides to take action to protect himself. He no longer believes that Hamlet is mad with love: â€Å"Love? His affections do not that way tend/Nor what he spake, though it lack’d form a little/†¦There’s something in his soul/O’er which his melancholy sits on brood/And I do doubt the hatch and the disclose/Will be some danger; which for ! to prevent/†¦he shall with speed to England† (III.I.164-171). Claudius now suspects that Hamlet is suspicious of him, which Hamlet believes will cause him to do something to prove his guilt, thus allowing Hamlet to carry out his revenge. Hamlet then takes his next step in revenge by having the play acted out. Hamlet and Horatio will both watch Claudius throughout the play. Hamlet realizes that there is no hell for him to go to, but to just turn into dust upon his death. This is another step in the progression of Hamlet’s revenge. The final step of motivation in Hamlet’s revenge comes during the fencing match between Hamlet and Laertes. The queen drinks from the king’s cup that has been poisoned to kill Hamlet. She falls and proclaims she has been poisoned: â€Å"O my dear Hamlet/The drink, the drink! I am poison’d† (V.II.315-316). Laertes then tells Hamlet everything including how he has poisoned Hamlet: â€Å"Hamlet, thou art slain/No medicine in the world can do thee good; In thee there is not half an hour’s life/The treacherous instrument is in thy hand/Unbated and envenom’d/. . .Thy mother poison’d/I can no more. The King-the King’s to blame† (V.II.319-226). Hamlet has finally been motivated enough to act. The king has poisoned his mother and father, and tried to kill Hamlet also. Hamlet then avenges his father’s death by wounding the king with the poisoned sword: â€Å"The point envenom’d too! Then, venom, to thy work/ Wounds the King† (V.II.127). Hamlet has achieved the revenge that he has planned for the entire play. But he must now avenge his mother’s death so he forces the king to drink from the poisoned cup: â€Å"Here, thou incestuous, murd’rous, damned Dane/Drink off this potion. Is thy union here?/Follow my mother† (V.II.330-333). By poisoning the king twice, Hamlet has punished Claudius for both the murders of his mother and his father. Hamlet finally got his revenge but died in the process. The center ideas of the play are the revenges of Hamlet, Laertes and Fortinbras. All had obtained the revenge that they had wanted. All had avenged their father’s deaths. But all did it in entirely different ways. Hamlet took a while to complete the revenge, he is a man of contemplated inaction. Laertes took a different approach to revenge and accomplished it in a rather short amount of time. Laertes is a man of uncontemplated action. Fortinbras, different from the others, waited for the right moment to act. He carefully planned what he would do over a long period of time and then waited to act. Fortinbras is a man of contemplated action. All three accomplished their revenges-Hamlet killed Claudius, his fathers murderer; Laertes killed Hamlet, his fathers murderer; and Fortinbras did not have to kill Hamlet the son of his father’s murderer, but he did take over the th! rone. All people bent on revenge in Hamlet, accomplished it, making the play a revenge play.

Education System Essay

The education system of India is very old. It has started from the ancient times. The Vedas, puranas, ayurveda, yoga represent some forms of education. There are evidences of imparting formal education in ancient India under the Gurukul system. Under the Gurukul system, young boys who were passing through the Brahmacharya stage of life had to stay at the Guru or the teacher’s home and complete their education. Earlier women and people of lower castes didn’t have a right to educate themselves. But Jainism, Buddhism and Sufi movements had some liberating effects. The Britishers can be credited for bringing a revolution in the Indian education system because it is the English language and the reformation movements of the 19th century that had the most liberating effect in pre-independent India. India Education Present Condition  After independence, making education available to all had become a priority for the government. As discrimination on the basis of caste and gender has been a major impediment in the healthy development of the Indian society, they have been made unlawful by the Indian constitution. The 86th constitutional amendment has also made elementary education a fundamental right for the children between the age group- 6 to 14. According to the 2001 census, Total literacy rate – 65.38%. The female literacy rate – 54.16%. Only 59.4% of rural population is literate as against 80.3% urban population according to the 2001 census. Read more: http://www.ukessays.com/essays/education/education-system-of-india.php#ixzz2KBxKSaq0

The Narrators Metamorphosis in Ralph Ellisons Invisible...

The Narrators Metamorphosis in Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man A mere glance at the title of Ralph Ellisons book, Invisible Man, stimulates questions such as, Who is this man? and, more importantly, Why is this man invisible? The anonymous narrator of Ellisons novel begins by assuring the reader that he is, in fact, a real person and is not invisible in the Hollywood sense of the term, but, rather, invisible simply because people refuse to see him for who he really is (3). The actions of both blacks and whites toward the anonymous narrator of the novel during his search for identity lead him to this conclusion. The narrator begins the story of his realization of his invisibility at the end of his high school days, as an†¦show more content†¦The narrators poor childhood relations with the white race bring him into adulthood with preconceived notions that eventually lead to the realization of his invisibility. The narrator continues his arguably successful path in college until a point toward the end of his junior year. While taking Mr. Norton, one of the white trustees, out for a drive in the area of the college, Mr. Norton asks the narrator to stop the car so he can talk with Jim Trueblood, the infamous black man who had gained sympathy from whites, but enmity from blacks because he got his daughter pregnant. Mr. Norton begins to feel sick from the heat of the sun, so the narrator takes him to Golden Day, a home for black veterans. Neither destination shows the best of the black race, but in stopping at Truebloods home, the narrator simply obeys Mr. Norton, taking him where he so desires. Then, when Mr. Norton feels sick, the narrator takes him where he can, which just so happens to be Golden Day. Though the narrator does what he deems proper, Dr. Bledsoe, president of the narrators college, expels the narrator because he, as president, concerns himself too greatly with his own position and possesses no concern for the people of his own race. He explains to the narrator before expelling him, This is a power set-up, son, and Im at the controls (142). Dr. Bledsoe acts not on behalf of the black race or the school, but on his own behalf, to maintain his own position. Shortly thereafter, heShow MoreRelatedThemes and Styles of Ralph Ellison3336 Words   |  14 PagesEnglish IV 16 November 2005 The Themes and Styles of Ralph Ellison Ralph Ellison has proven himself through his novel The Invisible Man to be the leading black author of the twentieth century. Although he had written many short stories and essays collected in the book Shadow and Act, The Invisible Man is his only novel. With this one novel, Ellison earned himself the 1953 National Book Award and acclaim by the African American community for so accurately portraying the struggles a black AmericanRead MoreEssay on The Invisible Mans Identity2066 Words   |  9 PagesUpon opening Ralph Waldo Ellison’s book The â€Å"Invisible Man†, one will discover the shocking story of an unnamed African American and his lifelong struggle to find a place in the world. Recognizing the truth within this fiction leads one to a fork in its reality; One road stating the narrators isolation is a product of his own actions, the other naming the discriminatory views of the society as the perpetrating force infringing upon his freedom. Constantly revolving a round his own self-destruction