Judaism And Early Christianity Essay

Judaism and Christianity forms part of the Abrahamic religions where Islam is the third. They both believe in ancestral background of Abraham where they believe in the great covenant between God and Abraham. However, Judaism and Christianity posses both similarity and differences. They both follow suit the bible as the holy book. However Christianity has Sunday as their worship day while Saturday is for the Judaism. They both depict a close relationship in theological and historical backgrounds. However they posses substantial distinctions which emanate from the nature of their religious response. The basic similarities born to the Christians is because it came from Judaism. Its breakdown from Judaism however led to a totally different religion though sharing some specific characteristics. As much difference as occurring between the two, they are almost the same believing in the biblical teachings and a divine supernatural being. An important opening comparison between the two is that they belief in Abraham as their founding ancestor. To the Judaism however, they have a basic belief of all the religions as being God’s children whom therefore brings a sense of equality to them all. They have the believe of God’s love for his people but does not campaign on sole conversion towards Judaism for them to have salvation. In the same however, it welcomes those who wish to join this religion without hesitation of what would be their current religions background. (http://www. catholiceducation. org/articles/apologetics/ap0007. html) Generally, both can be argued as monotheistic which means the believe in one powerful God. However, as much as monotheism is a similarity of God, a difference exists between the two on the nature of this God. To the Judaism, God cannot be broken down into other parts. They thus believe in a sole and a full God. However, Christians have the sense of Trinitarian where God exists in God the father, God the son and God the Holy Spirit. Therefore, though sharing the perception of one God, a sense of incompatibility arises when the existence of God as a whole according to Judaism has a subdivided personality according to Christians. To Judaism, idea of one God brings the essence of unity and the unique nature of his force towards the cosmos. To them (Judaism) God is the sole creator of everything. They refer Trinitarianism as weakening the essence of God’s unity /oneness. (Diane, 1992) However, a contrast of view exists between the two in their view about Jesus. To the Christians, they have Jesus has a Central pillar in their religion. He is part of the God’s trinity. He is the Son of God and gives the revelation of God through the flesh. To then, the belief that Jesus is the incarnate God who existed in flesh and came to save the sins of man through his death. However, a different point of view exists in Judaism about Jesus. To them, Jesus was just a mere Son of God but existed like a general human being to them. He has no power of saving human souls and therefore did not rise from his death. He had no power of absorbing man’s sins. Forgiveness is what removes man’s sins but not atonement of Jesus. To the Christians however, he came to replace the dominant Jewish law which however is contrasted by the Jewish. A contrast also sexists in their view of Jesus as the Messiah. This is true to the Chriatianity. However, the Judaism has the view that Messiah will be unique human being who will bring liberation towards human piece. To them, Messiah exists only when the whole worlds gets into peace. However, Jesus’ era on earth could not provide this. To the Jews however, a different pedigree of understanding about Jesus as man exists. (http://www. catholiceducation. org/articles/apologetics/ap0007. html) A conception into the traditions of the original sin and the doctrine of a free will elsewhere exists between the two. To the Judaism, original sin is a mere mythology. They reject the aspect that people are born with sins, which can only be removed whenever they believe in Jesus in his sacrificial death. To the Christians, salvation is the only way in which human sins can be washed away. However, the Jewish has the view that man is never good nor bad at birth. Consequently, they possess both good and bad inclinations at their birth. However, to them is the aspect of free will from which they choose how to model their conceptions. Their morality is built on ethics, which grants them the opportunity for choosing what best to do at specific times in time. (Diane, 1992) A similarity and difference in life on earth and after death also exist. To both, lives after death is a consequent reality. To the Jews however, an importance should be attached to improving life on the earth, which is important in improving the status of the world. However, they never count on the importance of life after death. They argue on death as a component towards giving life its overall meaning. They belief that whatever life is taken after death is to the best interest of God. They however lack of a clear sense of hell and heaven. To the Christians however, life is death is real and is modeled in response to what extent a person had when a life. They belief on life after death for those who went after God’s teachings while a life. (Richard, 1983) It clear that monotheism, Abrahamism and biblical understanding are the basic ideologies that the two share in common. However, they a plugged into different understanding of how their sacred lives are undertaken. Reference Comparing Christianity & Judaism. Retrieved on 10th May 2008 from http://www. catholiceducation. org/articles/apologetics/ap0007. html Diane, W (1992) Christianity & Judaism. Blackwell Publishers Richard, W (1983) Christianity and Judaism. The Deepening Dialogue. Ridge Row Press

My Nursing Philosophy

As I sit here pondering how I would communicate my values and beliefs, I think of my current job as a personal trainer, similar to nursing, on a daily basis I help individuals with their personal health both inside and out. In my job there is no room for my values or beliefs, just facts, education and being a good listener. I believe the day I become a nurse the only â€Å"values and beliefs† that I will need are those contained in the oath I take the day I become a nurse, and those legally expressed in my Nurse Practice Act. Injecting my beliefs into my practice as a nurse will most likely violate my oath and responsibilities to my patientsMy Nursing Philosophy By Christina Rivera Professional Issues NU 116 Maria Prior As I sit here pondering how I would communicate my values and beliefs, I think of my current job as a personal trainer, similar to nursing, on a daily basis I help individuals with their personal health both inside and out. In my job there is no room for my val ues or beliefs, just facts, education and being a good listener. I believe the day I become a nurse the only â€Å"values and beliefs† that I will need are those contained in the oath I take the day I become a nurse, and those legally expressed in my Nurse Practice Act.Injecting my beliefs into my practice as a nurse will most likely violate my oath and responsibilities to my patients. While I hold true to my values and beliefs when it comes to nursing, I strongly believe that putting peoples basic needs at the top the priority list when it comes to nursing is what separates good nurses from great nurses. I believe that a nurse should always act in a professional manner and act in accordance within the scope of practice. Nurses should possess qualities such as; Empathy and being able to identify with others; be caring, compassionate and committed. A urse should be ethical and non-judgmental, be honest, confident and trustworthy. Being physically fit is important, as the job i s very demanding. Last but not least a good nurse should also be an advocate for their patients and have their best interests at heart, be a good listener and communicator. My personal definitions of client, health, environment and nursing are: A client is a person with needs, whether it is medical, physical, psychological, or self-esteem. It is a nurse’s duty to make sure each person feels they have received the best health care and feel like a human being.According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the definition of health â€Å" is a state of complete physical, social and mental well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity†. To me health is all relative to the well being of the body. This not only includes the physical but the mental as well. Health is not only when you are sick, but also having your physical and mental health being is a good stable condition. My definition of environment does not just describe the physical area where a perso n lives; it also includes the individual emotions and thoughts.It will be my duty as a nurse to be positive with all services, and to include family and friends whom are close to the individual regarding their health. Nursing is someone who cares for people who are sick in every way and sometimes all a person needs is someone to talk to. A nurse does not only help individuals, they also help families achieve health and prevent disease. A scientific definition of nursing is â€Å"observes, assesses, and records symptoms, reactions and progress of patients†. My personal nursing philosophy is I believe it is beneficial to the patient to be treated as an uman being rather than just another patient. Allowing the patient to feel that the nurse really care about their feelings and overall health. People are at their most vulnerable state when in a hospital or nursing home, this is the time for the nurse to be reassuring and make the individual feel as comfortable as possible is one the most important aspects of nursing. References Definition of World Health Organization, Retrieved Feb 06, 2012 from http://apps. who. int/aboutwho/en/definition. html. Scientific definition of Nursing from Wiki pedia, Retrieved Feb 06, 2012 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/nursing

Global Inequalities

Group A, Class 1 Introduction to Sociology Final Essay Which of the following perspectives offers the most convincing explanation for the existence of global inequalities: modernization theory, dependency theory or world-systems theory? 4 July 2012 Which of the following perspectives offers the most convincing explanation for the existence of global inequalities: modernization theory, dependency theory or world-systems theory?Globalization has had both a positive and negative impact throughout the world. An interconnectedness within the world where complicated issues can arise creating an unevenness that can contribute to a societies as well as the individuals happiness in life (El-Ojelli, 2006:p1). The negative impacts of globalization can be seen as inequalities spread throughout the world today.This essay will first explore global inequalities, next the three main perspectives of global inequality will be compared including, modernization theory, dependency theory, and world syste ms theory; following this comparison will be the argument that the dependence and world systems theory are very similar and that they are the two theories which best explain the existence of global inequalities. Global inequality can often be a topic that is overlooked in core countries such as the United States and Western Europe. However, global inequalities can be found in many peripheral countries like Africa as well some Latin American countries.Inequalities can be measured in various ways. These methods can include the GDP (gross domestic product) and GNP (gross national product) as well as HDI (human development index). GDP refers to the income earned by the value of goods and services produced by the people who live within the countries borders, GNP refers to the capital such as foreign earnings from any corporations, businesses or individuals outside of the country, where as HDI offers more in-depth measurements of inequalities such as life expectancy, education, standards of living as well as human satisfaction (Macionis and Plummer, 2012:p 286).Some inequalities in the world include areas like, income, wealth, poverty, literacy, crime, drugs, gender inequality as well as health related issues. Because of global inequalities between the rich and the poor, humans who are poor experience poverty, poor sanitation, and world hunger (Macionis and Plummer, 2012:p 306). Even though the world’s wealthiest countries are becoming wealthier, global inequalities are still growing. World hunger and poverty is a couple of the largest issues in the world, about twenty percent of the worlds population lives on one percent of the worlds income (Macionis and Plummer, 2012:p 285).The global economies development has increased which can be seen as a positive, however, the rise in the economy only goes to the rich creating larger barriers between the rich and the poor societies (Macionis and Plummer, 2012: p309). These inequalities can be found in many third world countries, where often a high population, low life expectancy and poor housing can be found. Among the global inequalities comes the capital from which is made in under developed countries and has divided the wealthy nations from the poor.A few models of development in global inequalities can be found, these include modernization theory, dependency theory, and the world systems theory. The first theory explained is the modernization theory. The modernization theory is much different than the last two perspectives on models of development. In this theory societies are brought together by modernization. There are four phases of modernization which show the different areas of growth, these phases are a traditional stage of society, a take off stage, a drive to technological maturity, and a stage which shows a high mass of consumption (Rostow,1990:p 4).Throughout these phases of modernization in societies where this theory has been introduced the development in the world is due to adva ncing industrial societies taking over societies that would have been living in a more traditional society (Macionis and Plummer, 2012:p 306). The first phase of modernization according to Rostow (1990:p 4), the traditional stage refers to a country that did not have much production because of little or no technology within the country.The second phase, the take off stage, is essentially the building of the economic structure and technological advances provided by a foreign power within the underdeveloped country, and third the drive to technological maturity is when these economic and technology building blocks advance about 40 years and there is now a mature economy of imports and exports, and last the fourth phase of mass consumption in which a modernized society in the twentieth reaches the maturity phase and the international economy reaps the benefits (Rostow, 1990:p 12).Over time some societies become more modern than others creating an unequal balance among other states glob ally. It is the thought that the modernization theory in some societies, are left behind because of advances in technology and within the economy also (Macionis and Plummer, 2012:p 306). Rostow (1990: p12) suggested that the modernization theory is created by an outside government or corporation to introduce new technologies and build industries to make money.As the four phases of modernization are explained above, it is simple to understand how these societies built upon modernization can create global inequalities and unequal balance within an underdeveloped society. However, the modernization theory is not only based on industrial and economic progress but also on political progress as well (Kamrava, 2000: p30). Governments from other states such as the USA or UK among others can become powerful when using cheap labor and production through these industries creating a higher economy for the western states opposed the under developed states.Some criticisms of modernization can be the loss of a country’s traditions, the culture, and religion practiced within the country (Kamrava, 2000: p31). Although the modernization theory is based on ideas of development in an under developed country, the dependency theory is a theory structured and very different than that of the modernization theory. The dependency theory is in which under developed countries such as Africa are being exploited by slavery and colonialism (Macionis and Plummer, 2012: p306).Most under developed countries do not grow out of this phase; instead they depend on the larger capitalist countries for support (Macionis and Plummer, 2012: p306). These under developed countries often do very poor after such exploitation creating high poverty in the world. In various poor countries such as Africa where the British and the French integrated through society, the idea of development was when the problems of global inequality was defined due to both the economic and social failures in Africa (Fergus on cited in India and Ronald, 2002: p146).Some colonized countries are often left under developed and lack in basic necessities to live a happy and satisfied life. The under development was caused by colonialism and the forthcoming international division of labor, offering low cost labor to create industries for western societies (Kamrava, 2000: p32). With various industries being built and the creation of jobs for those who lived in exploited countries, workers in these countries would still not reach expectations of higher standards of living and still do live on very little money in this very day and age.With the building of industries, western society has reached their development goal, causing the under developed to depend on western societies more so, all the while the western states earn capital and the rest of the third world countries remain under developed (Kamrava, 2000: p32). Under developed countries were mostly at one point colonized; therefore the countries were built by developed nations who have greatly mislead the developing countries. The developing countries have had the misfortune to then be led to work and serve the developed nations by producing goods and a lower price, thus, creating global inequality.The international market was the leading force in the dependency theory, there the developing countries worked to meet the needs of the international economy instead of meeting their own needs (Kamrava, 2000: p 32). Developing countries were depending greatly on the developed countries themselves. The developed countries helped the developing countries financially in order for the developing countries to keep production flowing. Developing countries were given loans to aid the promotion of industrialization in order to keep continuing flows of exports (Kamrava, 2000: p33).With the aid of the developed countries, the developing countries would keep not only exports flowing but capital flowing as well. According to dependency theorists, capi talism was the key reason to keep exports flowing from third world countries to the west (Kamrava, 2000: p33). Capitalism, the financial profit of purchasing or the trade of goods is also a key feature in the world systems theory. World systems theory or also known as world system analysis is based on an approach to earned capital in a world system rather than through individual nation states, by leaning on this theory the developed countries remain the super power.The world system theory is based on the world’s economy within its relationship to core and periphery countries, creating inequality throughout different parts of the world (Macionis and Plummer, 2012: p 306). Core and periphery as well as semi periphery countries fall into what is called an economic zone, some core countries include the United States, and United Kingdom as well as Western Europe, Periphery would be countries in Africa and also a few in Latin America, while semi periphery would fall under countries such as Mexico or Brazil.Within the world system theory the semi peripheral countries remain neutral, they are neither a rich developed country nor are they under developed and the core countries are categorized as the developed countries, while the periphery are the under developed leading to the economic power that places developed and under developed countries in an unequal world (Macionis and Plummer, 2012: p 306). The world systems theory is without doubt a capitalist economy in which the developed countries dominate.Core countries remain strong within their borders and internationally, whereas the peripheral countries have weak economies because they depend on the core countries for international trade (Randall and Theobald, 1998: p145). The core and periphery countries both have their own areas of expertise when it comes to who does what in these industries. The world system theory is focused more on advanced core economics drawing attention on manufacturing and banking, whi le the periphery areas are focused on the production of goods (Randall and Theobald, 1998: p145). These areas of focus are also directed to everyday human interaction.With the food, music, and clothes people buy on a daily basis, these areas are connected to a world system. Clothing for instance can be connected to the world system, for example, when buying clothes in the UK which are beforehand manufactured in areas such as Africa or Mexico among other countries in the world (Kardulias, 1999: p300). Out of the above three theories, not only does dependency and world system theory result in the best explanation of global inequalities but they are built off each other and become like one, therefore these two theories are very much alike and similar in certain details.The dependency theory and world systems theory are similar, they both have a core and periphery area, however, the world systems theory looks at one more area, the semi periphery which is a more neutral zone working with both the core and periphery countries (Randall and Theobald, 1998: p 144). Besides the difference of economic zones in these two theories, the dependency and world systems theory are always in favor of the dominant developed countries, which are interested in economic and political power. The core ideas in both theories are very much related and together both theories can be the reason for global inequalities.An article in The Economist describes how global capitalists believe that the gap is widening between the rich and the poor, the reason for global inequality could be due to an unjust trading system (The econo mist, 2004). Within the three theories on global inequality, the modernization theory, dependency theory, and world systems theory, the modernization theory could be held accountable for global inequality with its ideas of advancement in technology and industries. However, The dependency and world systems theory are in my opinion the sources of global inequality.While th e modernization theory looks into advancement in technology and development of under developed countries, the dependency and world systems theories focus on how to gain economic and political power, which gains higher dominance in the core countries. The peripheral countries will continue to depend upon the dominant core countries until a new and justified trading system is implemented. Word Count: 2021 References Inda, J. and Rosaldo, R. (2006). The anthropology of globalization. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing ltd. Kardulias, N. (1999).World-Systems Theory in Practice. Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, inc. Macionis, J. and Plummer, K. (2012). Sociology, a global introduction, 5th Edition. England: Pearson Education Limited. Randall, V. and Theobald, R. (1998). Political Change and Underdevelopment, 2nd Edition. London: Macmillan Press LTD. Rostow, W. (1990). The stages of economic growth, 3rd Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. The Economist. (2004). Poverty and inequality: a question of justice?. Retrieved July 3rd 2012 at, http://www. economist. com/node/2499118

Development Economics and Planning PowerPoint Presentation

Development Economics and Planning - PowerPoint Presentation Example Infrastructure is very vital for any economy, and a key difference that exists between the developed economy and a less developed one is only the quality of infrastructure. Most of the infrastructural developments involve a lot of capital where a lot of money is spent to put the infrastructure in place (Hanak & Reed, 2009). Planning for any infrastructure projects ensures that there exists a common understanding between the providers of the services, the developers, the council and the communities depending on the needs for the local infrastructure, when and how they will be provided. Even though planning for infrastructure has for a long period of time been a major consideration, its significance and the importance to demonstrate deliverability has in recent years gained eminence (Great Britain, 2008). Linked to the development tenders, infrastructure planning process helps in ensuring that the population of Worth has the proper access to services and facilities they require. A new planning charge system was introduced in the year 2010 referred to us community infrastructure levy as one of the development processes that enables the local authorities especially in England and Wales to collect funds form the developers who undertakes the new building tasks in the area. The amount of money collected is used in funding a number of infrastructures that are required as a result of development (Glaeser, 2012). The community infrastructure charging authorities who have the authority to impose charges on the levy in England include the unitary authorities, metropolitan districts, mayor of London among other bodies (Levy, 2011). All this listed bodies prepare development plans for their specific areas, informed by the evaluation of the infrastructural requirements that calls for the levy collection. On the importance of this tariff based development process, the government decided to

Leadership Failure Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Physiology assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

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Delivering Customer value Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Delivering Customer value - Assignment Example In a view of that, it can be firmly asserted that there is a continuous requirement for developing new products that are cost effective and at the same time possess high quality characteristics (Liu, 2003). In order to develop a successful new product, it is required to have a structured approach towards new product development. . However, initiatives of an organisation to develop and deliver new product at time result in failure causing heavy financial loss. In this regard, one of the major reasons behind the failure is associated with the poor development and delivering process. This implies that product development process in some organisations relies heavily on trial and error methods rather than embracing structured and scientific procedures. This is where the importance of product lifecycle (PLC) models can be identified (Owens & Davies, 2000). The product life cycle (PLC) concept can be asserted as a marketing strategy and planning tool. The concept is actually based on the stages over a product’s life. Over the years several PLC models have been developed. The approaches of PLC concept are based on some key consumer trends during product evaluation and market evaluation. In general, PLC generally incorporates four elements to include innovation, imitation, repeat and substitute (Steffens, 2002). In accordance with Steffens (2002), the traditional PLC concept suggests the four stages. Those are introduction phase, growth phase, maturity phase and decline phase. When a product is introduced for the first time in the market place, that stage is known as introduction phase. Subsequently, when the consumers become more familiar about the product and start choosing the products among various alternatives, that stage is termed as a growth phase. Next, the stage when the product gains the highest market share among others that phase is usually known as maturity phase. During this phase, the consumer demand for the particular product is at peak. Finally, after

Sermon Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Elemental Technologies Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Elemental Technologies - Case Study Example The four had a good vision and their plans had so much potential. In the beginning, the team was struggling so much that it almost started up within Pixelworks as a â€Å"skunk works† unit. However, they never gave up and the team started working on its new architecture. Their determination paid up when in 2006 when Pixelworks offered them $200, 000 to create a fully independent corporation. Things started looking up for them. Moreover, the team thought that the investment would signal that they had they had their former employer’s blessings and that there was no intellectual property risk. This investment went a long way in helping the team since the development of hardware required cash. In 2006, the hardware specialists (Blackman and West) decided to set out on their own together with Rosenzwieg, (a software authority). They then leased office spaces and begun developing their new technology meant to revolutionize rich media consumption. This plan was a guaranteed success since most technologies were in line with Elemental’s plans; at least that is what the team thought. This was because the consumers demanded for rich media content, which the content providers were unable to solve. Consequently, the devices that were used to access digital video exploded. The team was sure that in terms of market opportunity, they were definitely going to make it big time (The Seed Investment Dilemma 4). The company then set up meetings with top venture capital firms and was confident that they would receive funding within six months. Nevertheless, this was not the case. The venture companies doubted whether there was room in the technological world for Elemental’s e nvisioned architecture. This is because it seemed unlikely that people would buy add-on processing cards to install into their computers. The biggest mistake that Elemental

Conduct an external environment analysis for a company (tesco) of your Essay

Conduct an external environment analysis for a company (tesco) of your choice assessing the impact of the external environment o - Essay Example Current paper focuses on the examination of the potential impact of the external environment on the HR policies of a well-known firm in the British grocery industry: Sainsbury’s. The level at which the recession, and other elements of the firm’s external environment, have affected the organization’s HR policies are critically examined using appropriate literature. It is proved that, despite the market pressures, HR policies in Sainsbury’s have been slightly affected by the firm’s external environment, a fact that has been strongly related with the strategic choices of the organization’s leaders. 2. Sainsbury’s – interaction between the external environment and the firm’s HR policies Like all organizations, Sainsbury’s is also highly affected by its external environment. In fact, it could be stated that the external environment of the organization affects all aspects of the firm’s strategies and operations, i ncluded the HR policies. In order to understand the level at which the external environment can influence Sainsbury’s HR policies, it would be necessary to refer to the organization’s performance, as part of the UK grocery industry. Then, the firm’s HR strategy should be presented and compared with the external environment – which is analyzed using the SWOT analysis – aiming to show the key points of impact of the external environment on the HR policies of the organization. 2.1 Overview of the organization Sainsbury’s is one of the major competitors in the UK grocery industry. The firm’s employees have been estimated to 150,000; the firm was first established in 1869 and has now about 890 stores across Britain (Sainsbury’s, corporate website, 2011). The firm is part of the J Sainsbury plc, which activates in many industries, including the banking sector – through the Sainsbury’s bank (Sainsbury’s, corporate website, 2011). The performance of the firm in 2010 has been increased, achieving a profit of ?21,421m, while in 2009 the firm’s profits were estimated to ?20,383m; the specific fact is quite encouraging, taking into consideration the turbulences in the global market – due to the recession which has not been terminated – but also the strong competition in the British grocery industry. Of course, the level of increase of the firm’s profitability may be reduced compared to the past – see Graph 1, Appendix section where the performance of the firm for the third quarter of the years 2008, 2009 and 2010 is compared; in accordance with the above graph, the growth of sales of the firm in the third quarter of 2009 and 2010 may be reduced – compared to the third quarter of 2008 – but it is standardized at a particular level, at a percentage of 3.6%. 2.2 External environment analysis – SWOT analysis The impact of the external environmen t on the firm’s HR policies requires the presentation of the main elements of this environment; the SWOT analysis can be used for highlighting the key characteristics/ trends of the organization’s external environment and their impact on the firm’s HR policies. In the context of the SWOT analysis, the following elements

Canadian Historical Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Canadian Historical Development - Essay Example According to the essay findings  Canada is one country that has received immense influence on its political landscape from the French, Americans and Britons. For this reason what is practised in Canada is more less a blend of the three to a hug extent. The rights and freedoms of individuals are well guarded by the constitution and so are regional autonomy and the rule of law. The English traditions, French civil law and North American aboriginal government have all been embedded into one item to form the Canadian political culture.This study declares that  the political landscape being a borrowed one is characterised by the country being a constitutional monarchy whose origin is the traditions of Britain. The other important characteristic is that of having federal system of governance with a parliament. These manifestations in the political arena all work together in harmony under the guidance of well rooted democratic traditions. It is important to note that the Canadian struct ure of governance was one that was established by the British parliament whereas the federal system of governance came later and was enacted by politicians of Canadian descent. These developments where Canadian politicians begun to take full control of the changes witnessed in their country gained momentum with the advent of the 1st World War.  The natural resources in Canada are distributed in such a way that some regions are adored than others.

Sexuality and literature Essay Example for Free

Sexuality and literature Essay In the domain of English literature sexuality is a prickle which broadens the horizon of mental set up and attitude. Every aspect of English literature and criticism governs with human passion and subject to sexuality for human regeneration of ideas. The entire metaphysical poetry ranging from john Donne to George Herbert explains the features of sexuality in sexuality and sexuality in sexuality. This phenomenon in history of English literature denotes inter sexuality and contextually with reference to sexuality which is related to feminist movement in the world of English literature, culture, philosophy and biblical  understanding in relation to old testament and new testament. The concept and content rejuvenates English literature in the fabrication of human bondage and humanistic trends respecting physical elements in human beings to a highest sense of veneration. This was the common practise of church farther throughout the catholic churches with nuns and pastors. The holy sense of living in English literature is related to biblical literature and criticism. Gospel of St. Mathew, St. John, st. paul etc. reveals the idea of wholly trinity the cross the Holy Spirit and Jesus Christ. The resemblance of this theological discipline in the parameter of English literature governs and administers celtic historic spirit in English literature. Therefore sexuality according to Christianity is the holiest act of performance and spreading the message of Jesus Christ to the world. The felicitation of stylistic history of Eng. Lit. Has a root in sexuality with purpose and motivation towards the god realisation in the jurisdiction of Eng. Lit. And biblical culture practised by catholic eminent personality of highest intellectual calibre throughout the world. The universal culture of this principle symbolises the pure  relationship between two sexes for bringing respectful citizen in the world of literature culture and social stratifications. In the field of Roman Catholic religion and tradition the entire gamut of Eng. Lit. Never disowns the message of sexuality as a negative aspect it is a subject of adoration in Eng. Lit. Because old Eng. Lit. , Middle English. Lit. romanticism neo classic Shakespeare play and sonnets miltons paradise lost, paradise regained Chaucer prologue to Canterbury tales Thomas hardy mayor of caustic bridge david Copperfield hard times, edgewells the invisible man.. Jane Austen Emma persuasion and pride and  prejudice, wuthering heights etc. all these literary text reveals sexuality in the form of living life with the purpose in English literature for realization and romantic vision of life. In the totality of existence Eng. lit. is the subject based on direct human perception at the physical plane of sexuality and counter intuitive sense of human relationship every character is consolidated in plot, characterisation, action, reaction, and conclusion similarly same incidence with great assertion we come across in t. s Eliot the confidationsal clerk , family reunion the waste land murder in the cathedral, etc. these works of t. s Eliot has a combination with our Indian philosophy because Eliot was well versed in Indian philosophy and integrated studies of Indian sexuality . in this connectivity t. s eliot joins the philosophical tenats of our indian culture with a mark of respct and great honor he was influenced by our upnishadikh philosophy he ends the west land by quoting upnishad with the exotations omm shanti shanti shanti this particular range of sexuality with philosophical elements harmonises the way of living in the glocal world of understanding in the truest sense sexuality is a way. Of life which cant not be lived with respct without spiritual regeneration of ideas it may b easterned or westerned way off sexuality but the common goal of humanity is to harmonise between sexuality and spirituality for universal human bondage for global peace and harmony through out the cosmos throughout the cosmos with cosmopolitan out look and humanistic sense of sensibility at large in the finale concept of sexuality in literature becomes comparative literary theses anti theses and synthesis to combine the nature human sexuality which is a natural gift from the divine it is totally universal transcending all human. Differtiation such as caste creed color and sex etc. the purpose of sexuality in literature is to practise and realise universalculture as reflected in evry cuture of the world this is the point to be investigated and immolated in our social economic political and administrative changes in the world. This is the pen ultimate exactitude and harmonisation between oxidental and oriental way of thinking in sense and philosophical calmness. In the convential sense this phenomenon logical approach. Exenorates tradition and individual talent advocated by t. s eliot in the universal fold of universalistic flow of ideas†¦

Study of Ceramic Perovskites-type Oxides (ABO3)

Study of Ceramic Perovskites-type Oxides (ABO3) 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction Ceramic perovskites-type oxides (ABO3) have been studied extensively due to the high conductivity and low activation energy. Among of perovskite type-oxide, an investigation of cerate zirconate attracts great attention to the researcher. It is well known as ion conductor and good chemical stability at intermediate temperature. It properties give big impact for development in technological applications like fuel cells, solar cells, batteries, etc. In addition, one advantages of perovskite is low cost as it can be made from common metals and industrial chemicals. According to Abdullah et al (2012), due to their low activation energy for proton conduction, the perovskite structure with proton-conducting electrolyte material important for development of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFCs) at intermediate temperature. The investigation of proton conductivity in perovskite has started more than two decades ago. Nd doped BaCeO3 and Y doped BaZrO3 indicate good proton conducting properties under humid at elevated temperature (Azad Irvine, 2007). Meanwhile, alkaline earth zirconates has lower proton conductivity but generally, better chemical and mechanical stability corresponding cerates (Abdullah, Hasan, Osman, 2013). SOFCs enable to convert chemical fuels directly into electrical power. The using SOFC used a ceramic electrolyte requires operating at high temperature and it will put this type of SOFC very great demands on the materials and technology lead to significant challenge for further development of the SOCF. Previous report has shown that the high temperature sintering resulted in large particle aggregation and growth and also consumed cost and time. Wet chemical methods (WCMs) used was able to lower the temperature as well as synthesizing time but the impurities that needed to be avoided still exist. Thus, many researchers analyze on the using of chelating agent to hinder the impurities (Abdullah, Hasan, Osman Nordin, 2012). 2.2 Hartree-Fock Hartree-Fock (HF) is the basis of molecular orbital (MO) Theory. HF method is an approximation method for determining the energies and wave functions in quantum mechanics. Unlike Density Functional Theory (DFT), the approximation of HF theory involves only exchange functional. It often gives qualitatively correct result. It can be systematically improved the result by carried out an MP2 or MP4 calculation, for example. HF theory was developed to solve the electronic Schrodinger equation resulted from time-dependent Schrodinger equation after refer to Bohn-Oppenheimer. The energy and many other properties of the particles can be obtained by solving Schrodinger Equation for wavefunction,. The Schrodinger equation describes the wavefunction of a particle: (1) = wavefunction m = mass of particle h = Planck’s constant V = potential field in which the particle is moving In molecular system, is a function of the positions of the electrons and the nuclei within the molecule, which will be designated as and, respectively. 2.2.1 Molecular Hamiltonian The Hamiltonian is made up of kinetic and potential energy. The kinetic energy is a summation ofover all the particles in the molecular and the potential energy component is the Coulomb repulsion between each pair of charged entities. T: (2) (3) (4) whereis the distance between two particles, and ej and ek are the charges on particles j dan k. For an electron, the charge is negative, e while for the nucleus the charge is positive, Ze, where Z is the atomic number for that atom. The full Hamiltonian can be written as: (5) From Born-Oppenheimer approximation which allows two parts of the problem to be solved independently, the kinetic energy for nuclei in Hamiltonian. 2.3 Density Functional Theory Density functional theory (DFT) is a quantum mechanical method that be used in physics field and has become one of the most commonly used techniques in computational chemistry. DFT is a well-known quantum mechanical method to investigate complex many-body problems at the electronics structure level such as charge, bond length, density and energy. Various names for DFT models are named through combination of exchange and correlation functional. DFT has two functional which is traditional functional and hybrid functional. The traditional functionals consist two types correlation components which are correlation functional and gradient-corrected functional. Correlation functionals involve only the values of the electron spin densities while gradient-corrected functionals involve both the values of the electron spin densities and their gradients. For the hybrid functional, it consist the combination of Hartree-Fock exchange and DFT exchange-correlation. For B3LYP, it contains the Becke Three Parameter Hybrid Functionals that using non-local correlation provided by Lee, Yang and Parr functionals, abbreviated as B3LYP. B3LYP exchange-correlation functional is: (6) Where a0 = 0.20, aX = 0.72, and aC = 0.81, while the and are generalized gradient approximation (GGA), is the VWN local density approximation (LDA) to the correlation functional. GGA originally are called nonlocals approximations or semilocal approximations. The gradient of density is usually determined numerically. However, GGA has limited applicapability. It cannot describe rlimit of xc-energy density and the xc-potential simultaneously correctly. Eschrig (1996) said the DFT method was important in providing the interested mathematician with the physicist’s view on the logical roots of the theory and also for those who want to get deeper insight into the meaning of the results of practical calculations. In addition, from previous study, DFT method was able to justify the interaction between ligands and metal fragments in coordination compound (Chermette, 1998). 2.4 Basis Set A basis set defined as the mathematical description of the orbitals within a system used to perform the theoretical calculation. Standard basis sets for electronic structure calculations use linear combinations of Gaussian functions to create the molecular orbitals. There are few types of basis set effects such as minimal basis sets, split valence basis sets, polarized basis sets and diffuse functions basis sets. Minimal basis sets on each atom in the molecules contain minimum number of basis function and they are fixed-size atomic-type orbital. Split valence basis sets can be made larger by increase the number of basis functions of each atom. The orbital is allowed to change the size but not the shape. In contrast with polarized basis sets that allow orbital to change size and shape by adding orbitals with angular momentum beyond what is required for the ground state to the description of each atom. The molecular orbitals are fixed linear combinations from one-electron functions and known as basis functions. They are centered on the nuclei of atom and share some similarity to atomic orbitals. An individual molecular orbital is defined as: (7) The coefficients c µi are known as the molecular orbital expansion coefficients. The further explanation for the above equation can be obtained in â€Å"Exploring Chemistry with Electronic Structure Method† books. 2.6 Metal Ligand Complexes The metal chelate has its own unique properties. The same ligand with different metal chelates share similar properties. The chelating agent complexes with the metal cation, forming a three-dimensional structure that blocks the ion’s normal reactive sites and prevents it from reacting as it normally would (â€Å"Chemical Properties of Chelates,† n.d.). The chelating agents can form coordination compounds with a metal ion as it is usually contain donor atoms like nitrogen and oxygen (Leopold et al., 2008). One of the acti ve investigations of the synthesizing methods for the formation of a single- phase cerate zirconate powder is the lowering of the processing temperature. Using different chelating agent can lower the temperature processing. Different strength of chelating agent gives different interaction during the chelation process(Abdullah et al., 2013). A recent report shows that the temperature can be lowered by combining TETA and Ba2+ cation in forming the ligand-metal complexes solution. The chelating agent of TETA effectively reduces the formation of BaCO3 in final powder (Abdullah et al., 2012).

Delay Aware Multipath Switching Zone Traversal (MSZT)

Delay Aware Multipath Switching Zone Traversal (MSZT) Delay Aware Multipath Switching Zone Traversal (MSZT) Approach for MANET Abstract Route discovery and data transmission in Mobile Ad-Hoc networks (MANETs) are the key procedures which influence the performance of the network. The data transmission through the discovered route with in minimum delay is considered as a major problem in the MANET. Hence this paper proposed an approach called Multipath Switching Zone Traversal (MSZT) approach to minimize average delay. In this approach, the broadcast has been converged to two zones after the initial broadcasting in order to minimize the broadcast delay. Based on the data size and the Time to Live (TTL), the data transmission is initiated via multipath or single path. Game theory approach (GTA) is a powerful mathematical tool for analyzing the strategic communications among several decision makers. Hence this paper utilizes the GTA for switching the path between inter-zonal and intra-zonal nodes for different source data to provide a successful data transmission. The simulation results show that the approach is efficien t in terms of delay, packet delivery ratio, and localization error when compared to the existing approaches. Keywords: Routing, MANET, MSZT, game theory approach, delay 1. Introduction A multi-hop wireless Ad hoc network (MANET) is composed of mobile nodes, which can communicate without any aid of centralized Infrastructure (T.Durga , 2015) The demand of different multimedia applications such as surveillance system and video on demand service over MANET has been increasing rapidly in recent years. However, it is not easy to support the data transmission according to the end-to-end delay requirements over MANETs. A number of routing protocols have been proposed for Ad hoc mobile networks to improve the QoS ((K.S.Dinesh , 2014). Most of the routing protocols use the minimum hop numbers as a metric of route cost while taking routing decisions. However they ignore the some important link capacity properties because of simplicity and ease of implementation. Each node in the network may have different traffic load and hence, nodes which have more active neighbors may experience more collisions (Rakesh Kumar, et, al., 2010). Uncertainly some of the over loaded nodes may fall on the minimum hop route, it may considerably introduce a longer delay, even though the number of nodes in the chosen route is minimum. In addition, if some of the over loaded nodes are congested; it may result in huge packet drop rates and consequent retransmission. This may increase the end – to – end delay between two end points. Thus in this paper Multipath Switching Zone Traversal (MSZT) routing approach has been proposed in order to reduce average delay. The approach reduces the number of broadcast after the initial broadcast in the network. Multipath data transmission is enabled based on the TTL and the data size. The game theory approach is used to switch the path between inter-zonal and intra-zonal nodes for different source data, which is a powerful mathematical tool. The path switching while during the data transmission provides a successful data transmission by checking the path availability. Thus this approach enhance the QoS demanded MANET applications The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 presents the recent related work on the delay aware MANET. Section 3 describes the system model of the proposed Multipath Switching Zone Traversal (MSZT) routing approach. The explanation of the Multipath Switching Zone Traversal (MSZT) routing approach is presented in the section 4. Section 5 describes the simulation results. Finally, section 6 renders the conclusion 2. Related Work (Saad M. Adam, et, al., 2013) presents an reactive routing protocols overview in terms of QoS requirements in MANET. Due to the requirements has been fulfilled for the commercial, real-time, and multimedia applications in MANET. The delay has been considered as one of the important QoS metric to satisfy the application requirements. The delay optimization approach has been presented by the authors (Syed Jalal Ahmad, et, al., 2015) for multimedia application in MANET. The Knapsack algorithm is used for buffer management to maximize and minimize the in order and out order packets simultaneously. The buffer internals are exploited and the adjusting the buffer usage dynamically makes the node to transmit the packet in the preferred order to its successive nodes. The simulation results show that the approach transmits multimedia data packet without loss and in minimum delay. (K. Sasikala,et, al., 2014) proposed the finite state machine for queue and transmission management mechanism to minimize the packet delay time in MANET. Information about the delay for each data flow in the queue is maintained in a node. A timer is fixed to each flow in a node and it has been updated dynamically. Based on the nodes characteristics the queue is controlled to minimize the packet delay. (Obaidat, M, et, al., 2011) proposes a multipath routing protocol for MANETs. The protocol establishes the route, which having the lowest delays relied upon the communication of various layers. The performance of the protocol is compared with the AODV and AOMDV. (V. R. Budyal and S. S. Manvi, 2013) presents a clever agent based on-demand QoS routing methodology in MANET. The intelligent agent utilizes the neuro-fuzzy logic aided by Q-learning. The DSR protocol has been enhanced to discover all the multiple paths and the condition of the path from source to destination. The fuzzy membership function has been optimized by the software agents and if then rules are made to take decision in the system. A cross layer design is made for delay concerned Node Disjoint Multipath AODV in Ad Hoc Network by the author (GawasMahadev A, et,al., 2014). The channel and link information has been obtained by applying the cross layer design between the MAC and routing layer. The path status has been updated subsequently by concerning the lowest delay attained at each intermediate node. The protocol is compared with the AODV and NMDR and it perform better than the other two in terms of routing overhead and packet delivery ratio. 3. Multipath Switching Zone Traversal (MSZT) The Multipath Switching Zone traversal routing approach is proposed in this paper to minimize the average delay in the network. The approach is implemented after the initial broadcast from the source. The MSZT is composed of two parts such as route discovery and path switching. 3.1 Route Discovery During the initial broadcast the source node obtains the information about the location of the destination node by using the GPS service. After the initial broadcast, the source node divides its communication range into four equal zones for further broadcasting. The node broadcast the RREQ message through one or at most 2 zones, where the broadcast should be destination oriented zone based on the location information of the destination node. Only one node must be selected in each zone for forwarding the broadcast. Alike the source node, the forwarding node also divides its communication range into four equal zones and forward the broadcast in the same manner. The process will take place until the destination node is reached. Before the data transmission via the shortest path, the Expected Transmission Time (ETT) and the TTL value has to be estimated to enable multipath through the different zones in order of increasing the packet delivery factor (PDF). Expected Transmission Time (ETT) is the time taken for transmitting a data packet successfully to the destination. The ETT is estimated based on the data size of a packet. (1) Here ETX is the expected transmission count i.e. expected number of transmissions that a node needs to transmit a packet successfully to a neighbor. The ETX can be estimated as follows (2) Where dforward is the received probes from a A dreverse is the received probes from B Where t is the average time a single data packet requires to be delivered and the t can be estimated as follows (3) The maximum Time to Live (TTL) is a timer data part in the IP header which specifies RREQ packet life time before it is discarded (Cheng-Yuan Ho,et, al., 2007). All the RREQ fields in its route cache have been maintained in order to find the route minimum Time to Live (TTL) value after TTL time expires and the information about the TTL is available in the RREP packet. If the ETT is greater than the TTL, then the packets are fragmented and then the packet has been transmitted over the multiple paths. 3.2 Path Switching Algorithm based on the Game theory Approach Game theory is a mathematical tool for analyzing and estimating how a person behaves in strategic situations. The game is composed of three fundamental components: a set of players, a set of strategies, and a set of payoffs. Nodes (players) are the decision takers in the game. The strategies are the various options available to nodes such as (TTL, node availability) (Badr Benmammar, Francine Krief, 2014). At last the utility function (payoffs) make a choice of all possible outcomes for each player. The components of the proposed game theory approach are given in the table 1. Table 1Components of the proposed Game Theory Approach After each transmission, the next hop zonal node must update the path availability (zone availability) to its predecessor node. The competition is between the multiple paths available between the source nodes to the destination node. After each successful data transmission the payoff is considered such as the availability and the TTL in order to stay on the same path otherwise path is switched to the next highest probability value of the available path. For each available path a probability value is estimated and it is formulated as follows (4) Here the total hops is the number of hops in the path and the not available hops is the number of hop which is not available for next data transmission due to the reason â€Å"the node is available for other source node in the network†. This information is updated to the source after each successful transmission. The proposed path switching algorithm based on the game theory approach is shown in the figure 1. Figure 1 Path switching algorithm based on the game theory approach 5. Simulation Results The proposed Multipath Switching Zone Traversal (MSZT) routing approach make an effort to minimize average end to end delay to enhance the network performance. The NS2 simulation has been adopted to evaluate the performance of the MSZT approach and the simulation setup is shown in the table 2. The performance of the MSZT is compared with other existing approach such as Zone Tree Routing (ZTR), Path State Routing (PSR). The metrics used to measure the performance of the proposed approach are broadcast delay, localization error and packet delivery factor. Table 2 Simulation Setup A. Performance metrics Broadcast Delay: Broadcasting is the fundamental process where the probe transmission from the source to all other forwarding nodes to arrive at the destination. The broadcast delay is the difference between the packet receiving time (prt) by destination and the packet transmitted time (ptt) from the source node. (5) Localization Error: Localization error (LE) is accounted as a one of the performance metric in the scattered network and it yields the LE of a node. (6) Where EMax is the maximum LE (7) (8) Where a is the radius based on the communication range of node i in a network model and it can be determined as follows (9) Where N is the number of nodes A is the area of the network and is the connectivity order ie the number of neighbor nodes linked to the node i The average value of LE for a network can be determined as follows (10) Packet Delivery Factor Packet delivery factor is defined as the ratio of the number of packet arrived at the destinations to those transmitted data packets by the source. (11) B. Discussion In the proposed approach the broadcast delay has been minimized by converging the broadcasting to one or at most two zones. The nodes distance increases then the broadcast delay increases simultaneously. Figure 2 shows the broadcast delay concerning the distance. The broadcast delay attained by the proposed MSZT for 10 m distance is 15 ms, while the PSR and the ZTR incurred 16ms, 19ms. Figure2 Broadcast delay The localization is directed in our approach by broadcasting towards the destination oriented zones after the initial broadcast. The increase in distance between the nodes affects the localization error. Figure 3 shows the localization error concerned with the distance. The localization error attained by the proposed MSZT for 10 m distance is 2%, while PSR and ZTR attained 16%, 18%. Figure 3 Localization error The multipath switching algorithm in the proposed approach improves the packet delivery factor by considering the TTL and path availability. When the number of group (paths) involved in the data packet transmission increases then the packet delivery factor (PDF) will decrease. While in the proposed a minimum number of zones have been utilized than the existing methods in the network. Figure 4 shows the packet delivery considering the number of groups. For 2 groups the proposed approach MSZT acquired 0.94, while the PSR and ZTR incurred 0.91, 0.83. Figure 4 Packet Delivery Factor 6. Conclusion This paper proposes a Multipath Switching Zone Traversal (MSZT) routing approach for achieving a minimum average delay in a network. The number of broadcast has been converged to two zones after initial broadcast in order to minimize the broadcast delay. Multiple paths have been selected through different nodes presents in different zone. While during data transmission the TTL and the data size has been checked to provide a successful data transmission with minimum transmission delay. Furthermore a game theory approach based path switching algorithm has been proposed after each successful data transmission to improve the delay metric for each data transmission. The simulation results show that the proposed routing approach performs better than the existing approaches in terms of Localization error, broadcast delay and Packet delivery factor References 1.Syed Jalal Ahmada , V.S.K. Reddyb, A. Damodaramc and P. RadhaKrishnad, â€Å" Delay optimization using Knapsack algorithm for multimedia traffic over MANETs†, Expert Systems with Applications, Elsevier, vol 42, issue 20, pages 6819-6827. 2. K. Sasikala, Dr. R. S. D. Wahidabanu, â€Å" Adaptive packet scheduling technique to minimize the packet delay time in MANET by maintaining a Queue for each flow through FSM Mechanism†, Journal of Convergence Information Technology(JCIT), Vol 9, No 3, 2014. 3. Saad M. Adam , Rosilah Hassan, â€Å"Delay aware Reactive Routing Protocols for QoS in MANETs: a Review†, Journal of Applied Research and Technology, Elsevier, vol 11, issue 6, pages 844-850, 2013. 4. Obaidat M, Ali M.A, Obaidat M.S, Obeidat S, Shahwan I, â€Å"A Novel Multipath Routing Protocol for MANETs†, International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM), pages 1-6, 2011. 5. Cheng-Yuan Ho, Yaw-Chung Chen, and Cheng-Yun Ho, â€Å"Improving Performance of Delay-Based TCPs with Rerouting†, International conference on Communication letters, IEEE, vol 11, no 1, 2007. 6. Badr Benmammar, Francine Krief, â€Å"Game theory applications in wireless networks: A survey† International Conference on Software Engineering, Applications of Information Systems in Engineering and Bioscience, 2014. 7. V. R. Budyal and S. S. Manvi, â€Å"Intelligent Agent Based Delay Aware QoS Unicast Routing in Mobile Ad hoc Networks†, International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering, vol 8, no 1, 2013. 8. GawasMahadev A, Gudino, Lucy J, Anupama K. R, Rodrigues, Joseph, â€Å"A Cross-Layer Delay-Aware Node Disjoint Multipath Routing Algorithm For Mobile Ad Hoc Networks†, International Journal of Wireless Mobile Networks, vol 6, issue 3, page 39, 2014. 11. K.S.Dinesh , â€Å"Routing Overhead Reduction and Selection of Stable Paths in MANET†, International Journal of Inventions in Computer Science and Engineering (IJICSE), vol 1, issue 9, pages 2348-3539, 2014. 12. T.Durga , â€Å"Maximizing the Network Lifetime by Using a Mobile Aware Topology Control Algorithm in MANET†, Journal of Recent Research in Engineering and Technology, pages 2349-2252, vol 2, issue 3, 2015. 13. Rakesh Kumar, Manoj Misra and Anil K. Sarje, â€Å"A Simplified Analytical Model for End-To-End Delay Analysis in MANET†, International Journal Computer Application (IJCA), no 4, article 6, 2010.

How pH Affects the Break Down of Starch by the Enzyme Amylase Essay

How pH Affects the Break Down of Starch by the Enzyme Amylase Hypothesis: The optimum pH for the reaction of starch with amylase is pH 7. PH values lower or higher than this value will result in a slower rate of reaction. Amylase works in the range pH 3 to pH 11. Biological Knowledge ==================== PH changes affect the structure of an enzyme molecule and therefore affect its ability to bind with its substrate molecules. Changes in pH affect the ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds that hold the enzyme together, which naturally affects the rate of reaction of the enzyme with the substrate. On top if this, the hydrogen ions neutralise the negative charges of the R groups in the active site so that the substrate and the active site do not attract and therefore do not react. The optimum pH for most enzymes is pH7. In the body, amylase works mainly in the small intestines, where the acidity from the stomach has been neutralised by the hydrogencarbonate ions in the pancreatic juices secreted by the pancreas. Therefore, it follows that if amylase were adapted well to the surroundings which it is found most commonly at, it would work best in neutral conditions, which is pH 7. To allow for fluctuations in pH, amylase would need to work from around pH 3 to pH 11. Apparatus Apparatus Reason/Reference to pilot study Colorimeter Values can be obtained measuring the breakdown of starch, instead of just the colour when the iodine solution is added. If not much starch is broken down, iodine will colour it blue/black so a low % Transmission will be obtained. If a large volume of starch broken down, iodi... ...ially used 3 cm ³ of distilled water with 3 drops of iodine. It then occurred to me that this was inaccurate, as amylase solution is cloudy. Therefore, I blanked it with 2 cm ³ water, 1 cm ³ amylase and 3 drops of iodine. I decided to experiment with pHs within the range pH 2 to pH7, as I discovered that pH 4 is the optimum pH, instead of my predicted pH7. Risk Assessment  · Wear goggles to protect eyes from iodine solution  · If spilt on clothes or skin, wash with water to prevent harm to the body  · Keep iodine bottle away from edge of table to prevent injury from broken glassware Ethical Implications The amylase solution is taken from an animal. The owner of the animal must permit this act. The animal's body must be paid respect when the enzymes are removed so must therefore be treated carefully.

Ecommerce Industry Analysis :: essays research papers

Industry Analysis: On-Line Higher Education Industry Today’s industries of Higher Education are witnessing a burgeoning interest in the use of the Internet. The rise of the Internet, by information technologies and business application, represents a large base of potential customers for e-commerce activities. Generally, it can be said that e-commerce is a highly significant way of conducting business. For that very reason, a widespread of universities and colleges actively exploit opportunities created by the growth of e-commerce by initiating on line courses and degrees to accommodate this demand. This industry analysis will capture the principal effects that e-commerce, i.e. on line courses, may have, as compared to those of conventional Higher Education Industries, as well as explore the barriers and opportunities that may face each. These issues are examined using market research, newspaper articles, and annual industry reports. Higher Education Firms are undertaking growing numbers of e-commerce initiatives and increasingly offering on-line incentives required to participate in the growing online market. A range of on-line incentives includes expedited degrees, decreased tuition fees and minimal face-to-face time with instructors. However, to realize these gains of on-line courses and the associated incentives requires fundamental Internet knowledge and a high degree of competency with on-line universities in offering adequate resources. Higher Education institutions are producers of information concentrated products, and may face a raft of challenges when instilling these new competencies. The Gartner Group estimates that firms creating e-commerce sites spend $1 million in the first five months, and $20 million for a place in cyberspace that sets them apart from the competition. These costs are projected to increase at a rate of over 25% per year over the next two years. An examination of the annual reports of Online Higher Education companies reflects the magnitude of these costs. South University’s annual report for 2003 reveals that the firm spent $152 million on advertisement, equipment, and software, amounting to 9% of their annual revenues for the year. This figure for Capella.edu is $34 million (16% of revenue). Once these investments are in place, the costs of entry into virtual universities mainly include considerable marketing expenses. Activities such as the placement of banner ads in portal sites are $12 million (12% of revenue). Transaction and organizational costs affect every educational institution. The potential of Virtual Universities to reduce these costs is most important, because the cost affect the consumers. Comparisons to campus education also create economic challenges to online institutions.

United States

The Golden Gate Bridge (California) The Golden Gate Bridge was named one of the â€Å"Seven Wonders of the Modern World† by the American Society of Civil Engineers. The Golden Gate Bridge was built in 1937 to connect the city of San Francisco to Marin County across the Golden Gate Strait. Chicago (Illinois) Welcome to Chicago, America's third largest city and one of its best tourist destinations! Chicago's skyline is quite impressive. Indeed, the city is famous for its architecture. Atlantic City (NEW JERSEY) Atlantic City is a resort town located in South Jersey, New Jersey, USA. The town is famous for its gambling casinos, its boardwalk and its beach. Las Vegas (Nevada) Are you interested in gambling, seeing a show, or perhaps exploring the Hoover Dam and Red Red Rock Canyon? Want to see more of this famous desert city ? Mount Rushmore (South Dakota) Mount Rushmore is located in South Dakota. Carved into the granite wall of Mount Rushmore are the faces of 4 presidents: Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln and Theodore Roosevelt. These presidents symbolize the United States ideals: Washington standing for independence; Jefferson for democracy; Lincoln for equality; and, Roosevelt for the role in world affairs. The Statue of Liberty (New York) The Statue of Liberty is one of the best known American landmarks. It was a gift to the United States from France to commemorate their alliance during the American Revolution. It is located in the New York harbor near Ellis Island. The statue welcomed new immigrants to the United States who entered the country through Ellis Island between 1892 and 1954. The statue is 111 feet, 1 inch tall and made from 225 tons of copper. It was given to the people of the United States by France on July 4, 1884 to commemorate the 100 anniversary of the American Revolution. It was dedicated on October 28, 1886. Liberty Bell – Philadelphia, (Pennsylvania) Also in Philadelphia is the ever popular Liberty Bell. Once housed in Independence Hall, the Liberty Bell now has its own home in a safe building right across the street on the lawn at Independence Mall. Entrance to the hall is free, but all visitors must go through security before entering. The Liberty Bell is open every day except Christmas. Grand Canyon National Park (Arizona) The Grand Canyon is one of the top natural wonders in the world. Nothing compares to seeing it in person, but on the following pages, I will try to impress you with the pictures I took while visiting this National Park. Sedona (Arizona) Sedona is renowned for its beautiful Red Rocks that seem to change color and hue each time you glance their way, and its mystical Vortexes where the soul and energy flows flourish. Big Sur (California) If you want to drive from Los Angeles to San Francisco (or vice versa), you should drive along Highway 1, a road with the most awesome coastal views in the United States. San Francisco (California) For a better understanding of San Francisco's uniqueness among North American cities, let's take a Photographic Tour of a few points of interest which can define it: Fisherman's Wharf, the Union Square, the Civic Center, the Financial District, North Beach, Chinatown, and last but not least, Pacific Heights. Los Angeles (California) The second biggest city in the US is worldwide famous for its attractions. Hollywood, Santa Monica, Venice Beach, Long Beach, Downtown. San Diego (California) The second largest city in California is famous for its nice weather, the Sea World, its Zoo, and its nice beaches. Yosemite National Park (California) Yosemite National Park, Central California, is famous for its granite cliffs, its waterfalls, its streams, its giant sequoias groves, and its bio diversity. Washington, D.C. Landmarks The city of Washington, D.C. is the capital city of the United States of America. The Whitehouse The Whitehouse, located in Washington, D.C., is the home of the United States president. It has been the home for every U.S. president, except George Washington. Construction was started on October 13, 1792, on a site selected by George Washington. The house was not completed until 1800, when President John Adams moved in. The original home was burned by the British in 1814, during the War of 1812. The house was rebuilt and painted white to cover its fire-blackened walls. This is how it got the name the Whitehouse. The Washington Monument The Washington Monument is the tallest structure in Washington, D.C., The Washington Monument was built to honor George Washington, first president of the United States. The monument was completed and dedicated in 1885. It is a white marble structure 555 feet, 5-1/8 inches tall. The Lincoln Memorial The Lincoln Memorial, located in Washington, D.C., was built to honor Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States. Inside the monument is a 19 foot white marble statue of Abraham Lincoln. On the walls are etched the words of his Gettysburg Address calling for unity of the country, â€Å"that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth.† The Capitol Building It is located in Washington, D.C., on Capitol Hill. The Capitol Building is the home of the United States Congress. The Congress consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives, to make laws that govern the country. The Smithsonian Institution The Smithsonian Institution is the largest museum in Washington, D.C. The Smithsonian Institution consists of several museums including: the National Museum of Natural History; the National Air and Space Museum; the National Museum of American Art; and, the National Museum of African Art. War Memorials Washington, D.C. is home to many of the nations war memorials such as the Korean War Memorial, the Iwo Jima Memorial and the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. If you ever have the opportunity to visit Washington, D.C., make sure you see these monuments. They are even more impressive in real life. Iwo Jima The Iwo Jima Memorial honors the U.S. Marine and Navy corpsmen at the battle of Iwo Jima at the end of the Second World War. Vietnam Memorial The Vietnam Memorial was built to honor the soldiers who died in the Vietnam War. It is a large black stone wall. On the wall are etched the names of all the United States soldiers who died in the Vietnam War.

Hard Times: Coketown Essay

In labored Times Coketown Charles Dickens is assessing industrialization and the power it had on the people in the towns in which they resided. Coketown seems to be portrayed as a city of work and not anything else. It is frame across that the town consists of only item and nothing else to alleviate the dullness. Charles Dickens is sacramental manduction his analysis on the affable issues regard in this town through a narrative that reflects upon the environment. He uses a pass out of descriptions and similes to show the implications in which the society is inflicting. For example, the steam engine is constantly going up and down is corresponding the head of an elephant in a state of melancholy madness, (1057). He also uses metaphors like it had a blackened render, and interminable serpents of weed (1057). He is portray a point that the government in this town is not caring passable virtually at that place company so therefore he feels he inescapably to get the me ssage across about how socially unacceptable this is.As he conveys these ideas to the reader he uses representation to order an object human life report. An example when he gives an object a human life structure is It was a town of moved(p) red and black like a painted face of a savage,(1057). By doing this he was stressing the importance of how nothing is progressing and the politicians occupy to take another look at the communities whole social and living structure. He makes inferences on industrialization and the effect that it has like the river ran purple and it had a black canal in it (1057) This is just showing how a great deal out of hand the social tie in of industrialization had got to and how pollution had got to a crowing height. It was a town of red brick or of red brick if that would have been red if the smoke and ashes had allowed it, (1057).This shows how bad the living conditions were getting and he probably felt the politicians in there town were not doing anything to fix these conditions. It was precise strange to walk through the streets on a Sunday morning, and note how hardly a(prenominal) of them the barbarous jangling of bells that was driving the blare and nervous mad. (1058) Now he was stressing how the community itself didnt rase know where they lead in as a social foundation. The main problem to Dickens was that the political and social issues of this town were worsening since no(prenominal) was caring enough to change anything. He basically is revealing the mistreatment of industrialization in this society and is implying towards the social disgraces that have occurred. He retorts, fact, fact fact (1058) just to show even to a greater extent howdull the lives of the poor became a repeating every day thing. It became the like because it seemed like every day was a desperate day to survive in this new industrialized world. To me a major(ip) social implication made a point in this short story was of a corrupt society th at the politicians were more interested in productivity than in the health and happiness of its citizens.

Cultural Attitudes Toward Prolonging Life Essay

A 25-year-old woman is dying of great dealcer. She has asked the no extreme procedures be used to hold out breeding. She is now comatose and can be kept alive only with machines. How would you sink whether her go away should be respected? This question was devoted in class and the majority of my grouping responded that they would not go to any extreme measures to keep the 25-year-old woman alive. The majority of the group reasons were that it was her will and if that what she cute consequently thats what should happen. Another reason my group resolute to go along with the womans will is the fact that medical procedures are very costly. champion more reason my group decided to go along with the womans will is because she is excruciation from an illness and it would be in her best fill not to have to suffer anymore. Although the majority of the group decided no to go to any extremes to prolong her life, I decided not to give up on life. I know that it might dependable sel fish on my part only when life is a very special gift. My grandfather was a victim of cancer and he, despite all of the poor he endured, wanted to stay alive for as long as he could.He wanted to remain a strong influence on how is family viewed life. Through the radiation treatments and constants visits to doctors he never gave up on his life. I can remember him dictum Baby Im sick but Im here with you and it makes the pain be a bit more bearable. Through this I learned never to give up on life even when it seem like in that respect is no hope left.

Impact Diet on Health

regimen makes pile prize as a heaviness exit regime. The majority of state gauge it is products with minuscule-down calories, and succor you to h ageing affirm your incubus. ticklishly the authentic content is a shape of consume provender or nutrients vitamins. hale viands and eating concur a positively charged tinge on homo health. On the about other give woeful sustenances urinate painful long-lasting effect. If a kind- nerve centreedkind does non squander a good enough pabulum the corpse wont beat either nutrients to recreate the in spite of appearance place of the torso. victuals dos your consistency to be unafraid and to budge against sicknesss.Unhealthy nutrition roll in the hay take a shit consequences with strong-arm organic structure, as hale as fag end expunge your cerebration and rational job. A secondary aliment brook solution to umpteen health issues, such as ve fuck off equal to(p) marrow disea se, postgraduate line of savvying squeeze spirited take aims of cholesterol, asthma, somewhat eons sluicetide diabetes. entirely a precise dodgy task ordinarily contextd by take little than you atomic number 18 vatic to skunk attain Anorexia.. This noetic and visible deflect is ordinarily appoint in athletes, models or b onlyet dancers, who contain to larn load twenty-four hours by mean solar twenty-four hour period. This syndrome cigargontte be engraft in pattern race who pass water an morbid s dissolvet(p) hunt.It is to a greater extent than towards a physiological inconvenience oneself, in that location is a period of Anorexia Nervosa is when any(prenominal)one is end littlely forage carrying to an total take aim, and that is Dale. Dale is when slew prove to endue out often more clog than necessary, and they equable tincture overweight. They set themselves as truly plump out, and thats what makes them to pres erve on loosing weight. take up scarpering anorexigenic sight does non make believe, since thither nous is ment all toldy proficient non to eat, accordingly they volition vex up if they be bear on fed. Having a abject viands stern go out legion(predicate) sensible do connect to the constitutional weight loss.Heart value house increase, BMR, in append long time to the someoneify temperature all capitulation to low levels. When the plentiful in the military man luggage compartment is fool, the ashes breaks the muscle wind for energy, and that crumb ensue to heart damage. As salutary as if this disorder occurs in an age of pubescence the dead body harvest-time stops. anorexigenic victims usually guard low self-assurance level which in generally cause of this disorder. The cognizance has non en side drum the charter discussion for this that all the homogeneous a teeny-weeny interposition requires a team up of professionals, p hysicians, nurses, headhunter and dieticians- to excogitate to conquerher.Mental condition compend is need to hatch this. This intervention stick out is certain that deals with corporeal effects of anorexia and mental understandings for its item. It sometimes involves puff elevatedtail iting, and withal does non meet with about of the patients. The benefits of the manipulation be that psychiatrists and dieticians bear witness to persuade the someone to eat, as tumesce as conditioned the reason for occurrence. A drawback is that in that respect is no certain restore for this, as head as it is truly(prenominal) severe to come on anorectic people to eat, it is very hard to ordinate them back on the slump track.At the same time as comfortably as there is no medicament that underside athletic supporter to redress anorectic people. The well-disposed impress of anorexia is the family relationship among family and friends earth-closet be in tigh ten as the anorexic becomes more and more ghost with non eating, and time-tested to arrest away from gatherings and parties in business organisation of speciality feeding. As swell up as this disease stinkpot be ca utilize by semipolitical reasons. E. g. in some countries the dispersion of cops is satisfactory and if a family is not able to feed the children that volition impart to a ridiculous diet and since the children argon expect to work on the farms that fashion overly over over ofttimes utilisation and s tummyt(p) diet.And when the children motor used to it, they do not smell out hungry(p) anymore and that is when anorexia so-and-so occur. furthermore in some cultures or old traditions p arents do not feed their daughters, or antitheticly they entrust rush fat and nix volition unite them. So they submit to feed as least as potential and in addendum to they plunder chip in that much. If day by day they get less(prenominal) regimen than th ey are used to it, and get hack so much that get int even realize. too in some European countries they are forbid to repoint little(a) models on TV and in crowd media advertisement, since the fans aim up to it so much they follow up on the celebrity.By not masking them this it can jock to maintain it. . both human macrocosm should look aft(prenominal) their diet they should apply all the vitamins nutrients their body requires. whole individuals should meet a diet, and shall be aware(predicate) of the union of nutrients they receive. ridiculous diet overly consists of less nutrients, but besides inflamed food that does not help your body to befriend with you. Anorexia is today very ballpark among people. not learned the reason bunghole it. And later on a person has anorexia it is almost impossible to put him/her on the right track.Anorexia can take to the woods to different stage, at a level where there is high jeopardize of death. thither are no an giotensin converting enzyme causes that may put to work upon occurrence of anorexia. Usually, all 2 factors are brought into bunk The mental factor- figure out of the family and national conflicts The social factor- model of environment, expectation, phony (watching celebs on the TV, your friends around you, you are beingness insulted that you are fat) but there is no palmy curative for this, so deal for yourself, hire yourself, and you bequeath neer be caught into the trap of lower status complex.

Gulliver’s Travels Essay

The saga of Lilli order is much than than than than(prenominal) drama and entertain than that of Brobdingnag. Discuss. Gullivers Travels is a authoritative crimsont of eighteenth degree Celsius mockery, ane of brisks superlative every last(predicate) told in all micturates in an come onshout against the value and approach patterns of his time. date his deliin truth ruth slightly t unity-beginning numerous aspects of gentle part conjunction and mankindity character, by the temper of sarcasm his mechanism is mentality. So thither is voltaic pile of entertainment to be had with and by dint of the tune of the book, near nonably in the outgrowth devil bumps, in Lilli congeal and Brobdingnag.On Gullivers premier gamble to Lilliput, he awakes on the island to finger himself take shape and laced to the res publica by the six-inch pontifical Lilliputians. by and by atomic number 18na tight with arrows and stabbed with spears, he deci des to obey, and past back up the nigh decent emperor andterfly of Lilliput and his awkward. So we delay the initiative get of actives biliousness and satire, that contact Gulliver himself, as Richard Rodino said, Gulliver is a sarcastic doojigger enabling brisk to pee-pee satirical guide ons. In Lilliput he subjects to the emperor moths impounding and his wishes, round strange, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as when he sought after I would last akin a demon, gather in up the army in adjoining order, and attest them ben finishh me. any(prenominal) otherwise(a)wise(a)(a)s were merely humiliating, however, such as when, upon receiving his ordinance of liberty, he swears to it with keen temperateness and studyed, despite the function that he does non harbor in full with either of the articles within, and harvest-tide to be grateful for the rewarf atomic number 18f ard of the emperor neverthe slightterflys pr esence, to whom he prostrates himself.This assent on the com order of Gulliver to a passel who, to him, be s crappert(p) more than dolls that base on balls and talk, is degrade on Gullivers part, that as hale crotchety, since his omit of wag and prospect leaves him surface to ridicule. He, who shadow lead whole fleets and baffle an stainless blustrug with a genius step, is piece back to implore a elucidation cr stimulateed head for his freedom. afterward on, he receives the ingratitude of the Lilliputians for the desecration of the purple palace, when he put out the flack catcher by urinating on it. The issue, referable to his animosity with Skyresh Bolgolam, was that he was meterd to nurture his look lie with out. plot of ground more or less others in such a position would everywherehear laughed at be demiseanger by a masses a twelfth their size, he is brainsick and aff slump by the dominate to commence his eye put out. disdain the fac t that the sentence expects him to gratefully and meanly h obsolescent oer, dep land uping on him not resisting as very sharp-pointed arrows argon accomplish into his eyes, he decides to triumph any panache, to the judicature of Blefuscu. This coward passss amplifies the temper in his behaviour, the construe of a ogre universe stir and cartroad past from midgets is mavin that is reverse to the unitary we would expect. analyze this behaviour to the expressive mood that Gulliver fork ups himself in Brobdingnag. At approximately every catch up with his trivial size is ridiculed, he becomes the toy dog of a nine-year old girl, the con track downer of a thirty-foot dwarf, and is string to carry through with(predicate) a change shew bank I was half-dead with fatigue and vexation. period he is as subservient, indeed, perchance take down more than before, he is no week hanker doing so to a pack cold-off light(a) than him. This dickens-bagger of Gulliver being overworked by populate outlying(prenominal)a office-off-off wallopingger, more definitive than him, is only if peculiar(a) from the big passels point of view.As we consume it, thither are, alter autochthonicly, unambiguous ben preyht peerlesss of thrall and torture. other utilisation is when the Maids of reinforce would sometimes position me astraddle upon ane of her nipples, as well as assorted other flooring things, difference Gulliver far from better-loo business leader me any other emotions other than those of plague and disgust. m finis peerless could beget prank in this passage, it is oftentimes cruder and less funny remark than sympathetic passages in Lilliput, a representative utilization of the geek of mode gear up in this secondment adventure.Although active is satirising our bewitchment with peach and appearances, the motive of this extinguish stems not from netherlying implications still from the shock of ha ving the gentle trunk so cruelly flesh outed. Thus, instead of subtly hinting his satire as he does in Lilliput, speedy takes a far harsher line in Brobdingnag, utilize Gulliver to launch the shortcomings and failings of the humans race, through the metier of his divers(a) adventures thither. Its eer entertain when youre traffic with those small and weaker than you are, still a capital big bucks less funny when its soulfulness more mesomorphic transaction with you.The affairs and political sympathies issues which slip by in the deuce adventures likewise house a broad do by to the temper. When Gulliver is in Lilliput, genius of the rootage-year particular(a) things he relates to us is the practice of choosing curates for political and administration positions by the nominees adroitness at saltation on a tightrope or saltation under or over the emperor moths stick. This report seems sloshed to us, it credibly raise a few smirks when you first d emonstrate it, simply sprightly is alluding to the commission that in his cardinal-four hours and age, some(prenominal) disposal officials achieved their positions from attainment with language or position specie in the right ad moreovers. authorities becomes a fed up(p) ballet, says Philip Pinkus. When we describe that Flimnap would hold in topibly busted his neck, if one of the moguls cushions had not attenuate the force of the fall, alert is protesting against the bearing the party favour of a respectable minister could easy comfort a man from the difference of his position if they permeate so far as to hem in themselves and perplex a lethal mistake. In Brobdingnag, much of the wit revolves or so the means that Gulliver moldiness make his flair in a world where everything is as well as big, deception F.Ross says that he retains a feel and self-consciousness which would be absolutely shape for him among his physiologic tallys, only if which is slopped under the circumstances. whiz time, preceding(prenominal) twenty wasps, allured by the smell, came debauched into the style These insects were as puffy as partridges. The characterization of Gulliver contact by bird-sized wasps is instantly funny, only excursus from the buffoonery value, thither is scant(p) satirical content in this passage. there are many another(prenominal) other funny stories in deuce adventures, which can entertain, but also acquire other layers of meaning.In Lilliput, one of the well-nigh funny anecdotes is that of the war amidst Lilliput and Blefuscu, largely because of its origins It is part withed on all hands, that the native way of cushion of serve testis before we eat them, was upon the large end but his present highnesss grand beget, darn he was a boy, and sledding to eat an egg, and falling out it fit to the antiquated practice, happened to cut one of his fingers. Whereupon the emperor butterfly his father make an edict, imperative all his subjects, upon spacious penalties, to break the weensyr end of their eggs. The result is that the inhabitants of the two islands go to transnational war over so youngster an event as good luck an egg. We reckon this uproariously funny, cerebration the Lilliputians and Blefuscudians wooden-headed and petty(prenominal) to allow this chance to step up so to such an extent. However, when the Blefuscudian king listens to Gullivers adulation of my own honey native country in a style equal to its merits and gaiety, he sees through the pretension and self-importance of Gullivers distinguish of Europe, beholding the rotting in government, the damage in law, the inefficiency in politics, the mismanagement of the economy. swift is hinting that the two situations are not so different, since critical mess tend to place extensive meaning upon little things, and when we are the little ones, it is brought radical to us that the colossal absolute majority of our affairs are of little emergence in the long run. epoch the invention effectuate in Gullivers Travels is passing socialise, it is, primarily, a work of satire, and this adventure is designed as a pass to the plenty and government of sprightlys 18th cytosine Britain, to change, or even just to meditate upon, the way in which they go close their lives.Upon indication both(prenominal) Lilliput and Brobdingnag, there is an explicit rationalize in how blue-belly has scripted his book. In Lilliput, nimble uses engaging, fair humour to mask his satire, whereas in Brobdingnag he moves onto rougher, coarser humour, with a far more overt beset on European society, a make out which is go along through to the end of the book, culminating in a critical assault on our perceptions of human nature itself, in the fourth adventure.Therefore, collect to the slipway in which we suffice to the portraying of Gulliver, and the events and humour nomi nate in the two passages, I answer that the saga of Lilliput is funnier and more entertaining than that of Brobdingnag.BibliographyJonathan brisk, Gullivers Travels, 1726 Richard Rodino, The ruminate Of Gullivers Travels, historical and Present, 1992 Philip Pinkus, inferno and caustic remark in Swift (1965)